{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327661997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257847","title":"Energy and Spectral Efficiencies of Cell-Free Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems Under Rain Attenuation Based on Ray Tracing Simulations","display_name":"Energy and Spectral Efficiencies of Cell-Free Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems Under Rain Attenuation Based on Ray Tracing Simulations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327661997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257847","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10072397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10072397.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081252481","display_name":"Higo T. P. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41455075","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/00eftnx64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Higo Thaian P. Da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Brazil","Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015159347","display_name":"Hugerles S. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugerles S. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications and Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications and Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053030053","display_name":"Marcelo Sampaio de Alencar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-1644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo S. Alencar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom), Campina Grande, Brazil","Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","Department of Communications Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom), Campina Grande, Brazil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078015780","display_name":"Wamberto J. L. Queiroz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-2221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41455075","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/00eftnx64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wamberto J. L. De Queiroz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Brazil","Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030705708","display_name":"Ugo Silva Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-1523"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugo Silva Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081252481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0448,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75577815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"26979","last_page":"26995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.8149397373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6152364015579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6110216379165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.5915737152099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5855036973953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.5532068610191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5271879434585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.4894236624240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4682522714138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.46142417192459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.43707039952278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.431626558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42516863346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3243459463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32373660802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3098335266113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26500949263572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2260311245918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0969294011592865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8149397373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6152364015579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6110216379165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.5915737152099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5855036973953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.5532068610191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5271879434585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.4894236624240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4682522714138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.46142417192459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.43707039952278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.431626558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42516863346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3243459463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32373660802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3098335266113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26500949263572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2260311245918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0969294011592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257847","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10072397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unb.br:10482/48112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/48112","pdf_url":"http://repositorio.unb.br/bitstream/10482/48112/1/ARTIGO_EnergySpectralEfficiencies.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196379","display_name":"RIUnB Institutional Repository (University of Bras\u00edlia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","host_organization_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNB","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:522641d4f4f54c839e1eb6da44dc783b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/522641d4f4f54c839e1eb6da44dc783b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 26979-26995 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257847","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10072397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1429890386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(CNPq","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G168538887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Portugal","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1886981331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"project UID","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2074083719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"50008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G213682523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FCT/MCTES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2144570049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2475848412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Finance Code 001,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2500590091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2753458608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G275628855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES -","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2987173697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3272457656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3311174880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3331681876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3375535518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3601516360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Brazil","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3850789590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"50008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3883789297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Code 00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3938906640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(CAPES)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4332196409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Finance_Code_001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4551774506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4651267288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5079005330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"support","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5093386777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5139334624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5226653915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FCT/MCT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5696276328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Finance","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5859020988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6160365333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G671316655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G692611148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Brazil","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6997877468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7295187585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G738030663","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FCT/MCTES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G835279129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8568028496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8734216529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8837013128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Code 0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G943999617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G963174003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"de Aperfei\u00e7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/045b9pr88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328088","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Paraguay","ror":"https://ror.org/00aejfc65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327661997.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327661997.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490921409","https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W1979460674","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2006750201","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2023182510","https://openalex.org/W2083414117","https://openalex.org/W2110264476","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2119266139","https://openalex.org/W2122742044","https://openalex.org/W2126617275","https://openalex.org/W2139661049","https://openalex.org/W2141705555","https://openalex.org/W2145245010","https://openalex.org/W2146372682","https://openalex.org/W2156433148","https://openalex.org/W2162898553","https://openalex.org/W2163669613","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2468868413","https://openalex.org/W2495496341","https://openalex.org/W2559328774","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2750908913","https://openalex.org/W2781054684","https://openalex.org/W2804290997","https://openalex.org/W2807133510","https://openalex.org/W2884911846","https://openalex.org/W2919102320","https://openalex.org/W2922989912","https://openalex.org/W2962043351","https://openalex.org/W2962123958","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2972152258","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2977706665","https://openalex.org/W2981306253","https://openalex.org/W2982064046","https://openalex.org/W2985849463","https://openalex.org/W2985888596","https://openalex.org/W3014787243","https://openalex.org/W3015554241","https://openalex.org/W3016419489","https://openalex.org/W3031223339","https://openalex.org/W3036605744","https://openalex.org/W3040878177","https://openalex.org/W3045473835","https://openalex.org/W3081615953","https://openalex.org/W3098342240","https://openalex.org/W3108555576","https://openalex.org/W3128247709","https://openalex.org/W3134303861","https://openalex.org/W3147028311","https://openalex.org/W3153590903","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W3211304744","https://openalex.org/W3216796187","https://openalex.org/W4249365614","https://openalex.org/W4280558628","https://openalex.org/W4285162360","https://openalex.org/W4289716374","https://openalex.org/W4297860450","https://openalex.org/W4311313946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146680430","https://openalex.org/W2100999214","https://openalex.org/W1973317750","https://openalex.org/W1641214707","https://openalex.org/W2166688772","https://openalex.org/W2170880428","https://openalex.org/W4283775212","https://openalex.org/W3034965610","https://openalex.org/W1973006082","https://openalex.org/W2684278524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"wireless":[1],"communication":[2],"systems":[3],"depend":[4],"on":[5,9,19,113,135],"the":[6,10,20,28,40,70,74,87,108,118,124,146,171,193,204,213,216,226,235,244],"network\u2019s":[7],"ultra-densification,":[8],"application":[11],"of":[12,22,35,52,67,107,110,148,218],"massive":[13],"multiple-input":[14],"multiple-output":[15],"(mMIMO)":[16],"techniques":[17],"and":[18,81,129,158,198,247],"use":[21],"higher":[23],"frequency":[24,93,132],"bands":[25],"to":[26,86,182,203,234],"satisfy":[27],"ever-increasing":[29],"demands":[30],"for":[31],"capacity.":[32],"The":[33,140,161,187],"operation":[34],"cell-free":[36],"(CF)":[37],"networks":[38,115],"in":[39,91,117,123,178,223,239,243],"millimeter":[41],"wave":[42],"(mmWave)":[43],"spectrum":[44,76],"combines":[45],"those":[46],"principles,":[47],"because":[48],"they":[49],"are":[50],"composed":[51],"multiple":[53],"access":[54],"points":[55],"(APs)":[56],"distributed":[57],"over":[58],"a":[59,64,105,167],"geographic":[60],"region":[61],"which":[62],"serve":[63],"small":[65,241],"number":[66],"users.":[68],"Despite":[69],"extensive":[71],"available":[72],"bandwidth,":[73],"mmWave":[75,119],"imposes":[77],"high":[78],"path":[79],"losses":[80,157],"significant":[82],"atmospheric":[83,153],"molecular":[84,154],"absorption":[85],"links.":[88],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"this":[92,102,121],"range,":[94],"rain":[95,111,159,219],"attenuation":[96,112],"can":[97],"notably":[98],"degrade":[99],"communications.":[100],"Therefore,":[101],"article":[103],"presents":[104],"study":[106],"impact":[109],"CF":[114,227],"operating":[116],"spectrum,":[120],"is":[122,143,164,190],"26":[125],"GHz,":[126],"38":[127],"GHz":[128,131],"73":[130],"bands,":[133],"based":[134],"site-specific":[136],"ray":[137,176],"tracing":[138,177],"simulations.":[139],"propagation":[141],"simulation":[142],"characterized":[144,165],"under":[145],"effects":[147],"reflection,":[149],"diffraction,":[150],"diffuse":[151],"scattering,":[152],"absorption,":[155],"vegetation":[156],"attenuation.":[160,220],"channel":[162],"model":[163],"using":[166],"hybrid":[168],"approach,":[169],"with":[170,232],"large-scale":[172],"parameters":[173],"determined":[174],"by":[175,192],"an":[179],"environment":[180],"subject":[181],"random":[183],"Rician":[184],"small-scale":[185],"fading.":[186],"system":[188,228],"performance":[189],"measured":[191],"sum":[194],"spectral":[195],"efficiency":[196,200],"(SSE)":[197],"energy":[199],"(EE).":[201],"According":[202],"results,":[205],"it":[206],"was":[207],"observed":[208],"that":[209],"AP":[210],"densification":[211],"protects":[212],"network":[214],"against":[215],"effect":[217],"Furthermore,":[221],"even":[222],"sparse":[224],"networks,":[225],"has":[229],"low":[230],"sensitivity":[231],"respect":[233],"precipitation":[236],"rate,":[237],"resulting":[238],"relatively":[240],"reductions":[242],"average":[245],"SSE":[246],"EE.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}