{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327522577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257724","title":"The Design of a Python Library for the Automatic Definition and Simulation of Transient Ionization Fronts","display_name":"The Design of a Python Library for the Automatic Definition and Simulation of Transient Ionization Fronts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327522577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257724","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10070776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10070776.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740825","display_name":"Timothy C. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-814X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-814X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006430802","display_name":"Igor V. Timoshkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Timoshkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-9003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029817529","display_name":"S.J. MacGregor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-585X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott MacGregor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-585X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038169431","display_name":"Mark P. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007446612","display_name":"M.J. Given","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Given","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, High Voltage Technologies Research Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54409498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"26577","last_page":"26592"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.8284679651260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7394876480102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5889722108840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.5066407322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionization","display_name":"Ionization","score":0.5038666129112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.48597681522369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.47554823756217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.4119825065135956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19792664051055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1813892126083374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.8284679651260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7394876480102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5889722108840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.5066407322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.5038666129112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.48597681522369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.47554823756217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.4119825065135956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19792664051055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1813892126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257724","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10070776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:84785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1019980.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/84785/13/Wong_etal_IEEE_Access_2023_The_design_of_a_Python_library_for_the_automatic_definition_and_simulation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7db803c978634e2d91685922d5b4a84f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7db803c978634e2d91685922d5b4a84f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 26577-26592 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257724","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10070776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1788583181","display_name":"DTP 2020-2021 University of Strathclyde","funder_award_id":"EP/T517938/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327522577.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327522577.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W962773237","https://openalex.org/W1525132831","https://openalex.org/W1540252049","https://openalex.org/W1569090332","https://openalex.org/W1634717501","https://openalex.org/W1968641003","https://openalex.org/W1970426374","https://openalex.org/W1975464357","https://openalex.org/W1979836673","https://openalex.org/W1983655899","https://openalex.org/W1989914017","https://openalex.org/W2010914491","https://openalex.org/W2015294628","https://openalex.org/W2022375179","https://openalex.org/W2032471167","https://openalex.org/W2041276502","https://openalex.org/W2061637908","https://openalex.org/W2070299075","https://openalex.org/W2088025690","https://openalex.org/W2100418324","https://openalex.org/W2107979247","https://openalex.org/W2111617358","https://openalex.org/W2112311198","https://openalex.org/W2112948753","https://openalex.org/W2128095813","https://openalex.org/W2134518631","https://openalex.org/W2136503740","https://openalex.org/W2153357396","https://openalex.org/W2162319046","https://openalex.org/W2164185366","https://openalex.org/W2166298309","https://openalex.org/W2171266826","https://openalex.org/W2212370034","https://openalex.org/W2296335794","https://openalex.org/W2488809410","https://openalex.org/W2554402693","https://openalex.org/W2751098762","https://openalex.org/W2806206284","https://openalex.org/W2885544782","https://openalex.org/W2890711671","https://openalex.org/W2913014447","https://openalex.org/W2973465539","https://openalex.org/W2989584781","https://openalex.org/W2997437002","https://openalex.org/W3008322361","https://openalex.org/W3023845991","https://openalex.org/W3027725749","https://openalex.org/W3039546830","https://openalex.org/W3048226359","https://openalex.org/W3080803964","https://openalex.org/W3099892507","https://openalex.org/W3104339453","https://openalex.org/W3147755374","https://openalex.org/W3167880019","https://openalex.org/W3214611683","https://openalex.org/W4205320729","https://openalex.org/W4229442295","https://openalex.org/W4245654886","https://openalex.org/W4255452789","https://openalex.org/W6697144307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W4401741136","https://openalex.org/W2557718140","https://openalex.org/W4386470600","https://openalex.org/W4399490472","https://openalex.org/W1486009489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,22,57,73,79,109,112,126,135,142,175,197,219],"interest":[4],"in":[5,78,211],"nonthermal":[6,76,232],"plasma":[7,28,40],"dynamics":[8],"has":[9,18,96],"grown":[10],"significantly,":[11],"within":[12,188],"both":[13],"industry":[14],"and":[15,46,67,87,95,139,158,181,190,236],"research.":[16],"This":[17,172],"been":[19],"driven":[20],"by":[21],"development":[23,110],"of":[24,34,51,59,75,81,84,111,144,169,213],"several":[25,183],"novel":[26],"cold":[27],"technologies":[29,53,230],"across":[30],"a":[31,120],"wide":[32],"range":[33],"different":[35],"fields,":[36],"for":[37,39,152,222],"example,":[38],"medicine,":[41],"chemical":[42],"processing,":[43],"pollution":[44],"control,":[45],"surface":[47],"treatment.":[48],"The":[49,105,148],"optimization":[50],"these":[52],"relies":[54],"heavily":[55],"upon":[56],"understanding":[58],"gas":[60,237],"discharge":[61],"plasmas:":[62],"their":[63,70],"generation,":[64],"electrical":[65],"characteristics,":[66],"interaction":[68],"with":[69,134],"surroundings.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"manifestation":[74],"plasmas":[77],"form":[80],"streamers":[82],"is":[83,194],"high":[85,91,167],"relevance":[86],"critical":[88],"importance":[89],"to":[90,99,137,140,207,225,229],"voltage":[92],"insulation":[93],"technology,":[94],"further":[97,217],"significance":[98],"geophysical":[100],"research":[101],"concerning":[102],"atmospheric":[103],"discharges.":[104,238],"present":[106],"work":[107],"describes":[108,178],"StrAFE":[113],"(Streamers":[114],"on":[115],"Adaptive":[116],"Finite":[117],"Elements)":[118],"package,":[119],"dedicated":[121],"Python":[122],"library":[123,149],"built":[124],"atop":[125],"popular":[127],"open-source":[128,203,223],"FEniCS":[129],"finite":[130],"element":[131],"software,":[132],"designed":[133],"objective":[136],"simplify":[138],"automate":[141],"solution":[143],"ionization":[145,234],"front":[146],"models.":[147],"features":[150],"support":[151],"mesh":[153],"adaptivity,":[154],"distributed":[155],"memory":[156],"parallelism,":[157],"an":[159,165],"intuitive":[160],"programming":[161],"interface,":[162],"while":[163],"providing":[164],"exceptionally":[166],"level":[168],"user":[170],"configurability.":[171],"article":[173],"presents":[174,182],"software":[176,210,224],"implementation,":[177],"its":[179],"features,":[180],"code":[184],"verification":[185],"studies":[186],"performed":[187],"simple":[189],"complex":[191],"domains.":[192],"It":[193],"concluded":[195],"that":[196],"numerical":[198],"results":[199],"gained":[200],"from":[201],"this":[202],"framework":[204],"are":[205],"comparable":[206],"other":[208],"well-established":[209],"terms":[212],"accuracy.":[214],"Therefore,":[215],"it":[216],"demonstrates":[218],"great":[220],"potential":[221],"make":[226],"significant":[227],"contributions":[228],"involving":[231],"plasmas,":[233],"fronts,":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
