{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324292142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257124","title":"Noise and Vibration in Switched Reluctance Motors: A Review on Structural Materials, Vibration Dampers, Acoustic Impedance, and Noise Masking Methods","display_name":"Noise and Vibration in Switched Reluctance Motors: A Review on Structural Materials, Vibration Dampers, Acoustic Impedance, and Noise Masking Methods","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324292142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10068509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10068509.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066106183","display_name":"Ashish Kumar Sahu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-4991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Kumar Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-4991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079326512","display_name":"Ali Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056945837","display_name":"Berker Bilgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berker Bilgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-0072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.5039,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9736964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"27702","last_page":"27718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.669836163520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-reluctance-motor","display_name":"Switched reluctance motor","score":0.6537892818450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.6479640007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5652542114257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5494333505630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-vibration-and-harshness","display_name":"Noise, vibration, and harshness","score":0.5059251189231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.5011522769927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.49573954939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4498891830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.31273025274276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26921546459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23656484484672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.19246745109558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1896819770336151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16687804460525513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.669836163520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12090584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4107232","display_name":"Switched reluctance motor","level":3,"score":0.6537892818450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.6479640007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5652542114257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5494333505630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109400559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478080","display_name":"Noise, vibration, and harshness","level":3,"score":0.5059251189231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.5011522769927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.49573954939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4498891830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.31273025274276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26921546459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23656484484672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.19246745109558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1896819770336151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16687804460525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10068509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:213107a320af407c8e0eaa7a74229ea5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/213107a320af407c8e0eaa7a74229ea5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 27702-27718 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3257124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3257124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10068509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310709","display_name":"CMC Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/03k70ea39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321481","display_name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvrwm90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324292142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324292142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5844859","https://openalex.org/W73633936","https://openalex.org/W122580466","https://openalex.org/W312983837","https://openalex.org/W344253679","https://openalex.org/W383955262","https://openalex.org/W586766966","https://openalex.org/W588101407","https://openalex.org/W827179594","https://openalex.org/W840679919","https://openalex.org/W1494473591","https://openalex.org/W1504303362","https://openalex.org/W1519589083","https://openalex.org/W1563403652","https://openalex.org/W1592890274","https://openalex.org/W1604656688","https://openalex.org/W1665860767","https://openalex.org/W1966479308","https://openalex.org/W1966586453","https://openalex.org/W1966607968","https://openalex.org/W1966950982","https://openalex.org/W1967818995","https://openalex.org/W1969932917","https://openalex.org/W1973663498","https://openalex.org/W1980700222","https://openalex.org/W1980808337","https://openalex.org/W1981111127","https://openalex.org/W1982670635","https://openalex.org/W1985009321","https://openalex.org/W1989404129","https://openalex.org/W1992318056","https://openalex.org/W1995468368","https://openalex.org/W1998529618","https://openalex.org/W2002741480","https://openalex.org/W2006745778","https://openalex.org/W2007003164","https://openalex.org/W2008272745","https://openalex.org/W2012869066","https://openalex.org/W2021261679","https://openalex.org/W2022255489","https://openalex.org/W2023388536","https://openalex.org/W2029031122","https://openalex.org/W2033038958","https://openalex.org/W2041990951","https://openalex.org/W2042494826","https://openalex.org/W2046188879","https://openalex.org/W2046961244","https://openalex.org/W2049101197","https://openalex.org/W2050314313","https://openalex.org/W2050555423","https://openalex.org/W2057415734","https://openalex.org/W2058489827","https://openalex.org/W2060909540","https://openalex.org/W2062265610","https://openalex.org/W2064696676","https://openalex.org/W2065299619","https://openalex.org/W2066595001","https://openalex.org/W2075866419","https://openalex.org/W2080773601","https://openalex.org/W2084882031","https://openalex.org/W2091869823","https://openalex.org/W2092117929","https://openalex.org/W2092543869","https://openalex.org/W2098154023","https://openalex.org/W2114255876","https://openalex.org/W2115433244","https://openalex.org/W2115840593","https://openalex.org/W2123756560","https://openalex.org/W2126789720","https://openalex.org/W2129978739","https://openalex.org/W2130905429","https://openalex.org/W2131371224","https://openalex.org/W2133825661","https://openalex.org/W2142368705","https://openalex.org/W2142426938","https://openalex.org/W2145722639","https://openalex.org/W2147089267","https://openalex.org/W2147952819","https://openalex.org/W2149575672","https://openalex.org/W2151395579","https://openalex.org/W2155061698","https://openalex.org/W2155546341","https://openalex.org/W2169695077","https://openalex.org/W2170911229","https://openalex.org/W2178053836","https://openalex.org/W2207261734","https://openalex.org/W2249972146","https://openalex.org/W2252340967","https://openalex.org/W2261128412","https://openalex.org/W2262108040","https://openalex.org/W2281717401","https://openalex.org/W2301880199","https://openalex.org/W2321469513","https://openalex.org/W2323385650","https://openalex.org/W2389816682","https://openalex.org/W2468201324","https://openalex.org/W2512243115","https://openalex.org/W2546967633","https://openalex.org/W2569286908","https://openalex.org/W2587693299","https://openalex.org/W2609101220","https://openalex.org/W2724637804","https://openalex.org/W2735871439","https://openalex.org/W2763764255","https://openalex.org/W2766833299","https://openalex.org/W2799654849","https://openalex.org/W2802841716","https://openalex.org/W2804947873","https://openalex.org/W2892064971","https://openalex.org/W2901911713","https://openalex.org/W2904758981","https://openalex.org/W2905921525","https://openalex.org/W2906689070","https://openalex.org/W2911615241","https://openalex.org/W2966338970","https://openalex.org/W2980540894","https://openalex.org/W2991272439","https://openalex.org/W3000556334","https://openalex.org/W3010907684","https://openalex.org/W3025972542","https://openalex.org/W3035756845","https://openalex.org/W3044583425","https://openalex.org/W3089953664","https://openalex.org/W3096823246","https://openalex.org/W3106694021","https://openalex.org/W3118927721","https://openalex.org/W3120802051","https://openalex.org/W3137132907","https://openalex.org/W3144562546","https://openalex.org/W3158918756","https://openalex.org/W3176706580","https://openalex.org/W3186267899","https://openalex.org/W3207596781","https://openalex.org/W4233488801","https://openalex.org/W4248315599","https://openalex.org/W4251866311","https://openalex.org/W4281929654","https://openalex.org/W4321760849","https://openalex.org/W6686253585","https://openalex.org/W6700308668","https://openalex.org/W6703810188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821681702","https://openalex.org/W336839634","https://openalex.org/W2550810808","https://openalex.org/W4390953500","https://openalex.org/W3174584923","https://openalex.org/W2666039250","https://openalex.org/W2010772490","https://openalex.org/W2371248658","https://openalex.org/W2561433115","https://openalex.org/W586671673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"the":[1,4,27,52,118,126,130,150,154,158,169],"majority":[2],"of":[3,58],"commercial":[5],"electrified":[6],"vehicles":[7],"use":[8],"Interior":[9],"Permanent":[10],"Magnet":[11],"Motors":[12,63],"(IPMSMs)":[13],"for":[14,36,172,176],"propulsion.":[15,73],"An":[16,74],"IPMSM":[17],"can":[18,65,84,146],"deliver":[19],"high":[20,24],"starting":[21],"torque":[22],"and":[23,29,46,55,79,82,90,115,133,141,163,167],"efficiency":[25],"in":[26,69,125],"low-":[28],"medium-speed":[30],"operation,":[31],"which":[32,102],"makes":[33],"it":[34,83],"attractive":[35],"propulsion":[37],"applications.":[38],"However,":[39],"IPMSMs":[40,68],"generally":[41],"utilize":[42],"rare-earth":[43],"permanent":[44],"magnets":[45],"there":[47],"are":[48,174],"growing":[49],"concerns":[50],"about":[51],"price":[53],"volatility":[54],"supply":[56],"chain":[57],"these":[59],"materials.":[60],"Switched":[61],"Reluctance":[62],"(SRMs)":[64],"potentially":[66],"replace":[67],"various":[70],"applications":[71],"including":[72],"SRM":[75],"has":[76],"a":[77],"simple":[78],"low-cost":[80],"construction,":[81],"provide":[85],"reliable":[86],"operation":[87],"at":[88,117,149],"high-speed":[89],"high-temperature":[91],"conditions.":[92],"Compared":[93],"to":[94,111,179],"IPMSMs,":[95],"SRMs":[96,164],"radiate":[97],"considerably":[98],"higher":[99],"acoustic":[100,113],"noise,":[101],"have":[103,121],"historically":[104],"hindered":[105],"their":[106,177],"widespread":[107],"acceptance.":[108],"Various":[109],"approaches":[110],"mitigate":[112],"noise":[114,140,155],"vibration":[116,142],"source":[119],"level":[120],"already":[122],"been":[123],"explored":[124],"literarture":[127],"by":[128],"improving":[129],"electromagnetic":[131],"design":[132],"current":[134],"control.":[135],"This":[136],"paper":[137],"explores":[138],"multiple":[139],"mitigation":[143],"methods":[144,170],"that":[145],"be":[147],"applied":[148],"transmission":[151],"stage.":[152],"First,":[153],"comparison":[156],"between":[157],"Internal":[159],"Combustion":[160],"Engine":[161],"(ICE)":[162],"is":[165],"discussed,":[166],"then":[168],"used":[171],"ICEs":[173],"presented":[175],"applicability":[178],"SRMs.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}