{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323338216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3253279","title":"A New Approach to Empirical Mode Decomposition Based on Akima Spline Interpolation Technique","display_name":"A New Approach to Empirical Mode Decomposition Based on Akima Spline Interpolation Technique","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323338216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3253279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3253279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3253279","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10061218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10061218.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652624","display_name":"Muhammad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-4960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-4960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003729078","display_name":"Dost Muhammad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-8136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dost Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-8136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043746593","display_name":"Imran Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Soft and Living Matter, Institute of Basic Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Soft and Living Matter, Institute of Basic Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043160779","display_name":"Huda M. Alshanbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-7477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huda M. Alshanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-7477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100652624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6621,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89585867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"67370","last_page":"67384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.8433265686035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","score":0.7101022601127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline-interpolation","display_name":"Spline interpolation","score":0.6856656670570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6330820322036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6204143166542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5856305360794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.508258044719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.48288488388061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.481500506401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4733298420906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.44417861104011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.44060346484184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.43518900871276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3210815191268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31533578038215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.2441401481628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17883804440498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.13141390681266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.12182113528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11959055066108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09311103820800781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.8433265686035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581809","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","level":2,"score":0.7101022601127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31447003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545002","display_name":"Spline interpolation","level":3,"score":0.6856656670570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6330820322036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6204143166542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5856305360794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.508258044719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.48288488388061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.481500506401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4733298420906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.44417861104011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.44060346484184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43518900871276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3210815191268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31533578038215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2441401481628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17883804440498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.13141390681266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.12182113528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11959055066108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09311103820800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3253279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3253279","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10061218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/65211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/65211","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/bitstream/201301/65211/2/A_New_Approach_to_Empirical_Mode_Decomposition_Based_on_Akima_Spline_Interpolation_Technique.pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf77157bf855422baac4b5cebfdcd816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf77157bf855422baac4b5cebfdcd816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 67370-67384 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3253279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3253279","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10061218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8683041926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023R 299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323338216.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323338216.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177296396","https://openalex.org/W388323479","https://openalex.org/W1066208909","https://openalex.org/W1988845048","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2006292556","https://openalex.org/W2006650073","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2042145419","https://openalex.org/W2046794274","https://openalex.org/W2088202114","https://openalex.org/W2089798673","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2125056386","https://openalex.org/W2129270900","https://openalex.org/W2129276500","https://openalex.org/W2154877864","https://openalex.org/W2164975487","https://openalex.org/W2168353136","https://openalex.org/W2478589344","https://openalex.org/W2771885636","https://openalex.org/W2900329809","https://openalex.org/W4205980158","https://openalex.org/W4210252168","https://openalex.org/W4255272544","https://openalex.org/W4283460176","https://openalex.org/W4283589953","https://openalex.org/W4295094447","https://openalex.org/W4300814881","https://openalex.org/W4302067267","https://openalex.org/W4308490896","https://openalex.org/W4310063607","https://openalex.org/W4313367496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965605760","https://openalex.org/W1915398038","https://openalex.org/W2089774915","https://openalex.org/W2046026412","https://openalex.org/W2787646063","https://openalex.org/W2937099569","https://openalex.org/W2002288548","https://openalex.org/W2102842245","https://openalex.org/W4392640306","https://openalex.org/W3005992387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64],"objective":[1],"of":[2,11,126],"this":[3],"research":[4],"work":[5],"is":[6,67,71],"to":[7,21,31,73,89],"extend":[8],"the":[9,23,35,50,54,78,91,106,117,124,127,131],"scope":[10],"empirical":[12],"mode":[13],"decomposition":[14],"(EMD)":[15],"algorithm,":[16],"as":[17,81,108,110],"an":[18],"efficient":[19],"tool":[20],"decompose":[22],"nonlinear":[24],"and":[25,40,47,84,88,93],"non-stationary":[26],"time":[27,112],"series.":[28],"For":[29],"EMD":[30,66],"be":[32],"widely":[33],"applicable,":[34],"extension":[36],"utilizes":[37,53],"both":[38],"clean":[39,92],"noisy":[41],"data":[42,95,114],"sets.":[43],"When":[44],"constructing":[45],"upper":[46],"lower":[48],"envelopes,":[49],"proposed":[51,65,118],"algorithm":[52],"Akima":[55],"spline":[56],"interpolation":[57],"technique":[58],"rather":[59],"than":[60],"a":[61],"cubic":[62],"spline.":[63],"called":[68],"Akima-EMD,":[69],"which":[70],"used":[72],"identify":[74],"non-informative":[75],"fluctuations":[76],"in":[77,123],"signal,":[79],"such":[80],"noise,":[82],"outliers,":[83],"ultra-high":[85],"frequency":[86],"components,":[87],"breakdown":[90],"chaotic":[94],"into":[96],"various":[97],"components":[98],"avoiding":[99],"distortion.":[100],"It":[101],"has":[102],"been":[103],"shown":[104],"through":[105],"synthetic":[107],"well":[109],"real-world":[111],"series":[113],"analysis":[115],"that":[116],"method":[119],"successfully":[120],"extracts":[121],"noise":[122],"form":[125],"first":[128],"IMF":[129],"from":[130],"data.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}