{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323022464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3251572","title":"Stable and Tunable PT-Symmetric Single-Longitudinal-Mode Fiber Laser Using a Nonreciprocal Sagnac Loop","display_name":"Stable and Tunable PT-Symmetric Single-Longitudinal-Mode Fiber Laser Using a Nonreciprocal Sagnac Loop","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323022464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3251572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3251572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3251572","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10057418.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10057418.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077980906","display_name":"Liuyuan Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liuyuan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-6576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-6576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074611837","display_name":"Zheng-Mao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-8743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengmao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-8743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038483169","display_name":"Guang-Qiong Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-6749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangqiong Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-6749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077980906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993","https://openalex.org/I50632499"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7886,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68676511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"23127","last_page":"23135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11262","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11262","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10248","display_name":"Nonlinear Waves and Solitons","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11575","display_name":"Nonlinear Photonic Systems","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-laser","display_name":"Fiber laser","score":0.5650383234024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.4649891257286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.44403475522994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mode-optical-fiber","display_name":"Single-mode optical fiber","score":0.4242859482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4034963846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39872488379478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.3408152759075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09254220128059387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17163034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390528","display_name":"Fiber laser","level":3,"score":0.5650383234024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4649891257286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.44403475522994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180861198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503585","display_name":"Single-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.4242859482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4034963846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39872488379478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3408152759075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09254220128059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3251572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3251572","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10057418.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da5556f0f9704855b0d1c24e1b633f11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da5556f0f9704855b0d1c24e1b633f11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 23127-23135 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3251572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3251572","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10057418.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G158281580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61775184, 61875167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2359531950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SWU020001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3347439648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61575034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G362681470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61775184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G538791308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61875168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8212171097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61875167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8711850430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SWU020001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327599","funder_display_name":"Central Universities in China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327599","display_name":"Central Universities in China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323022464.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323022464.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020028184","https://openalex.org/W2038234351","https://openalex.org/W2067123857","https://openalex.org/W2067334847","https://openalex.org/W2101702288","https://openalex.org/W2102489731","https://openalex.org/W2150617796","https://openalex.org/W2156217795","https://openalex.org/W2158427306","https://openalex.org/W2246713987","https://openalex.org/W2781491230","https://openalex.org/W2855629108","https://openalex.org/W2908266731","https://openalex.org/W2930665417","https://openalex.org/W2990990239","https://openalex.org/W2999256033","https://openalex.org/W3010732843","https://openalex.org/W3013903133","https://openalex.org/W3025543917","https://openalex.org/W3088497601","https://openalex.org/W3110314786","https://openalex.org/W3112446944","https://openalex.org/W3155519901","https://openalex.org/W3157380151","https://openalex.org/W3172931052","https://openalex.org/W4200125072","https://openalex.org/W4210724143","https://openalex.org/W4212840552","https://openalex.org/W4213345972","https://openalex.org/W4225526672","https://openalex.org/W4280505583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W24774503","https://openalex.org/W2014821076","https://openalex.org/W1990620319","https://openalex.org/W1965744717","https://openalex.org/W2111234595","https://openalex.org/W3216334292","https://openalex.org/W1883238101","https://openalex.org/W2481821631","https://openalex.org/W1536525683","https://openalex.org/W2034135898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"stable":[1],"and":[2,20,34,56,77,90,191,215,226,246],"tunable":[3,172],"parity-time":[4],"(PT)":[5],"symmetric":[6],"single-longitudinal-mode":[7],"fiber":[8,43,178],"laser":[9],"using":[10],"a":[11,29,35,42,99,198,206],"nonreciprocal":[12,24,49],"Sagnac":[13,25,82],"loop":[14,26,83],"is":[15,18,39,61,119,125,133,154],"proposed,":[16],"which":[17,47,238],"experimentally":[19],"numerically":[21],"demonstrated.":[22],"The":[23,70,230],"only":[27],"including":[28],"3-dB":[30,193],"optical":[31,141,171],"coupler":[32],"(OC)":[33],"polarization":[36,109],"controller":[37],"(PC)":[38],"incorporated":[40,175],"into":[41,176],"ring":[44],"cavity,":[45,179],"in":[46,80],"the":[48,68,75,81,88,94,104,108,112,116,122,128,140,148,158,177,180,210,218,233],"light":[50,72,114],"transmission":[51],"between":[52],"frequency-degenerate":[53],"clockwise":[54],"(CW)":[55],"counterclockwise":[57],"(CCW)":[58],"resonator":[59],"modes":[60],"induced":[62,102],"to":[63,98,143,188,202],"suppress":[64],"multiple-longitudinal-mode":[65],"oscillation":[66],"of":[67,93,111,147,161,182,212,217,232],"laser.":[69],"two":[71,113],"paths":[73],"along":[74],"CW":[76],"CCW":[78],"directions":[79],"are":[84,221,236],"respectively":[85],"defined":[86],"as":[87],"gain":[89,123],"loss":[91],"loops":[92],"PT-symmetric":[95],"laser,":[96],"due":[97],"controllable":[100],"birefringence":[101],"by":[103],"PC.":[105],"By":[106,168],"controlling":[107],"states":[110],"waves,":[115],"PT":[117,162],"symmetry":[118,163],"broken":[120],"when":[121],"coefficient":[124],"larger":[126],"than":[127,223],"coupling":[129],"coefficient,":[130],"single-mode":[131,149,183,219],"lasing":[132,150,165,184,220],"thus":[134],"achieved.":[135],"Experimental":[136],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"signal":[142],"noise":[144],"ratio":[145],"(OSNR)":[146],"at":[151],"1550":[152],"nm":[153],"43.0":[155],"dB,":[156,228],"proving":[157],"great":[159],"superiority":[160],"for":[164],"mode":[166],"selection.":[167],"tuning":[169],"an":[170],"band-pass":[173],"filter":[174],"wavelength":[181,213],"varies":[185,196],"from":[186,200],"1530":[187],"1560":[189],"nm,":[190],"their":[192],"Lorentzian":[194],"linewidth":[195],"within":[197],"range":[199],"529":[201],"687":[203],"Hz.":[204],"During":[205],"30-min":[207],"observation":[208],"period,":[209],"variations":[211],"drift":[214],"OSNR":[216],"less":[222],"6":[224],"pm":[225],"2.42":[227],"respectively.":[229],"advantages":[231],"proposed":[234],"scheme":[235],"obvious,":[237],"include":[239],"simple":[240,244],"structure,":[241],"low":[242],"cost,":[243],"operation,":[245],"good":[247],"stability.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}