{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322705888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3247133","title":"Virtual Reality Cognitive Gaming Based on Brain Computer Interfacing: A Narrative Review","display_name":"Virtual Reality Cognitive Gaming Based on Brain Computer Interfacing: A Narrative Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322705888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3247133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3247133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3247133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10049421.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10049421.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076749890","display_name":"Marios Hadjiaros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-7330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marios Hadjiaros","raw_affiliation_strings":["CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005234158","display_name":"Kleanthis Kleanthous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-9665"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kleanthis Neokleous","raw_affiliation_strings":["CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016062909","display_name":"Andria Shimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-7102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andria Shimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076373005","display_name":"Marios N. Avraamides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-8553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios N. Avraamides","raw_affiliation_strings":["CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079839426","display_name":"Constantinos S. Pattichis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantinos S. Pattichis","raw_affiliation_strings":["CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CYENS—Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076749890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.7636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95742994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"18399","last_page":"18416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8025470972061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7422336339950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7083853483200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.613511323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5828384160995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.5753697156906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5296143293380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4664306938648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.43984463810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.19462433457374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1839512586593628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8025470972061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7422336339950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7083853483200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.613511323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5828384160995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.5753697156906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5296143293380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4664306938648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.43984463810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.19462433457374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1839512586593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3247133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3247133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10049421.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad47a119236d45529b17d7d6f844c33a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad47a119236d45529b17d7d6f844c33a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 18399-18416 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3247133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3247133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10049421.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992966723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739578","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332084","display_name":"Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322705888.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322705888.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138181207","https://openalex.org/W197237012","https://openalex.org/W772526079","https://openalex.org/W1169177044","https://openalex.org/W1470674207","https://openalex.org/W1542992044","https://openalex.org/W1547420418","https://openalex.org/W1569463632","https://openalex.org/W1736815781","https://openalex.org/W1839437067","https://openalex.org/W1891739631","https://openalex.org/W1902817414","https://openalex.org/W1973921785","https://openalex.org/W1974832318","https://openalex.org/W1975319787","https://openalex.org/W2001471870","https://openalex.org/W2006193658","https://openalex.org/W2008359193","https://openalex.org/W2018212807","https://openalex.org/W2020505895","https://openalex.org/W2020639717","https://openalex.org/W2026292399","https://openalex.org/W2038746770","https://openalex.org/W2043562489","https://openalex.org/W2046143942","https://openalex.org/W2051693416","https://openalex.org/W2055903898","https://openalex.org/W2057366818","https://openalex.org/W2063964843","https://openalex.org/W2065045219","https://openalex.org/W2065628965","https://openalex.org/W2074143647","https://openalex.org/W2082241795","https://openalex.org/W2083505589","https://openalex.org/W2085004384","https://openalex.org/W2089850928","https://openalex.org/W2092588942","https://openalex.org/W2098100592","https://openalex.org/W2100470503","https://openalex.org/W2103014813","https://openalex.org/W2105438329","https://openalex.org/W2105814823","https://openalex.org/W2105953877","https://openalex.org/W2107549039","https://openalex.org/W2110399130","https://openalex.org/W2120670062","https://openalex.org/W2128909182","https://openalex.org/W2130038075","https://openalex.org/W2131181615","https://openalex.org/W2132989066","https://openalex.org/W2133125575","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2143619410","https://openalex.org/W2146978355","https://openalex.org/W2154774916","https://openalex.org/W2154848553","https://openalex.org/W2167716931","https://openalex.org/W2168047385","https://openalex.org/W2169795352","https://openalex.org/W2186344531","https://openalex.org/W2220785624","https://openalex.org/W2288356184","https://openalex.org/W2295240460","https://openalex.org/W2312323375","https://openalex.org/W2326446226","https://openalex.org/W2429215548","https://openalex.org/W2507528282","https://openalex.org/W2509858457","https://openalex.org/W2511364814","https://openalex.org/W2513825464","https://openalex.org/W2521878393","https://openalex.org/W2547205074","https://openalex.org/W2554529016","https://openalex.org/W2566239798","https://openalex.org/W2578380364","https://openalex.org/W2587573665","https://openalex.org/W2618941153","https://openalex.org/W2741774104","https://openalex.org/W2747421551","https://openalex.org/W2747589696","https://openalex.org/W2754520975","https://openalex.org/W2754542412","https://openalex.org/W2767358668","https://openalex.org/W2775201422","https://openalex.org/W2783339817","https://openalex.org/W2790725051","https://openalex.org/W2792707772","https://openalex.org/W2796391149","https://openalex.org/W2804658738","https://openalex.org/W2886481955","https://openalex.org/W2887425726","https://openalex.org/W2896120927","https://openalex.org/W2909905004","https://openalex.org/W2910098374","https://openalex.org/W2912073344","https://openalex.org/W2912685638","https://openalex.org/W2924079966","https://openalex.org/W2945716874","https://openalex.org/W2945915217","https://openalex.org/W2958007147","https://openalex.org/W2968382098","https://openalex.org/W2975672594","https://openalex.org/W2980677523","https://openalex.org/W2987033705","https://openalex.org/W2991224771","https://openalex.org/W2994422921","https://openalex.org/W2995363453","https://openalex.org/W3000978293","https://openalex.org/W3004827935","https://openalex.org/W3015908580","https://openalex.org/W3036488189","https://openalex.org/W3043396847","https://openalex.org/W3044476479","https://openalex.org/W3091212406","https://openalex.org/W3092342532","https://openalex.org/W3098918522","https://openalex.org/W4214813110","https://openalex.org/W4232058719","https://openalex.org/W4287765492","https://openalex.org/W6605576693","https://openalex.org/W6717648363","https://openalex.org/W6779190668","https://openalex.org/W6785046178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136647108","https://openalex.org/W2350029007","https://openalex.org/W2152662857","https://openalex.org/W1965180958","https://openalex.org/W1973428399","https://openalex.org/W2064411026","https://openalex.org/W2364538626","https://openalex.org/W2081270373","https://openalex.org/W2347413411","https://openalex.org/W3129220733"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"present":[1],"article":[2],"explores":[3],"the":[4,9,13,53,80,83,94,104,112],"most":[5,95],"popular":[6],"approaches":[7],"and":[8,15,45,55,66,86,93,111],"best":[10],"practices":[11],"for":[12,61],"design":[14],"implementation":[16],"of":[17,103,116],"cognitive":[18,38,119],"gaming":[19],"interventions":[20,35],"that":[21,36,57],"combine":[22],"Brain":[23],"Computer":[24],"Interface":[25],"(BCI)":[26],"systems":[27],"with":[28,100],"Virtual":[29],"Reality":[30],"(VR).":[31],"We":[32,71,98],"focus":[33],"on":[34],"target":[37],"skills":[39],"related":[40,74],"to":[41,75],"perception,":[42],"visuospatial":[43,46],"attention":[44],"memory.":[47],"To":[48],"this":[49],"purpose,":[50],"we":[51],"review":[52],"techniques":[54],"algorithms":[56],"are":[58],"commonly":[59],"used":[60],"data":[62],"pre-processing,":[63],"feature":[64],"extraction,":[65],"classification":[67],"in":[68,118],"such":[69],"interventions.":[70],"discuss":[72],"issues":[73],"BCI-VR":[76,117],"Cognitive":[77],"Gaming,":[78],"including":[79],"BCI":[81],"paradigms,":[82],"action":[84],"tasks":[85],"environments,":[87],"user":[88],"characteristics,":[89],"algorithms,":[90],"channels,":[91],"accuracy,":[92],"prominent":[96],"findings.":[97],"conclude":[99],"a":[101],"discussion":[102],"current":[105],"challenges,":[106],"limitations,":[107],"future":[108],"research":[109],"directions,":[110],"potential":[113],"commercial":[114],"applications":[115],"gaming.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}