{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320712973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244991","title":"Cyber Security Controls in Nuclear Power Plant by Technical Assessment Methodology","display_name":"Cyber Security Controls in Nuclear Power Plant by Technical Assessment Methodology","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320712973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244991","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10044098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10044098.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077112071","display_name":"Daun Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daun Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","Department of Information Security Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-2516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055766787","display_name":"Jiho Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-8221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I323440827","display_name":"Korean National Police University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s89kd69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I323440827"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiho Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Police Science Institute, Korean National Police University, Asan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-8221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Police Science Institute, Korean National Police University, Asan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I323440827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064242000","display_name":"Chaechang Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802571394","display_name":"Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmybf18","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802571394"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaechang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, Daejeon, South Korea","Nonproliferation and Control, Korea Institute of Nuclear, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802571394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonproliferation and Control, Korea Institute of Nuclear, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802571394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076364737","display_name":"Kookheui Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-6000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802571394","display_name":"Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmybf18","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802571394"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kookheui Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, Daejeon, South Korea","Nonproliferation and Control, Korea Institute of Nuclear, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802571394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonproliferation and Control, Korea Institute of Nuclear, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802571394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051250672","display_name":"Jung Taek Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-8548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Taek Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-8548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93525311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"15229","last_page":"15241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.7512480616569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7274631261825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-controls","display_name":"Security controls","score":0.7209043502807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.652070939540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.6366670727729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6133623123168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.5378023982048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security-management","display_name":"Information security management","score":0.5186585783958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.5165971517562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4728905260562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.46265846490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-power-plant","display_name":"Nuclear power plant","score":0.44114887714385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-testing","display_name":"Security testing","score":0.4245641231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-of-good-practice","display_name":"Standard of Good Practice","score":0.4211067855358124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.36833980679512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.23994016647338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security-policy","display_name":"Network security policy","score":0.1475096046924591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.06643372774124146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.7512480616569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7274631261825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.7209043502807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652070939540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.6366670727729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6133623123168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.5378023982048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148976360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662500","display_name":"Information security management","level":5,"score":0.5186585783958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.5165971517562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4728905260562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.46265846490859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779979336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134447","display_name":"Nuclear power plant","level":2,"score":0.44114887714385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.4245641231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47309137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7598357","display_name":"Standard of Good Practice","level":5,"score":0.4211067855358124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.36833980679512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23994016647338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.1475096046924591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.06643372774124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244991","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10044098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39c96515da2e409087eaf1169c5301d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39c96515da2e409087eaf1169c5301d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 15229-15241 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244991","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10044098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1619154416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GCU-202106330001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2710184910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-01806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3447088840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GCU-202106330001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321366","funder_display_name":"Gachon University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8933427300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2106058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","funder_display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321366","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320712973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320712973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010926865","https://openalex.org/W2026029161","https://openalex.org/W2073968394","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W2767796693","https://openalex.org/W2789421101","https://openalex.org/W2794421626","https://openalex.org/W2811355302","https://openalex.org/W2892759841","https://openalex.org/W2898717633","https://openalex.org/W2899541238","https://openalex.org/W3008904085","https://openalex.org/W3042756331","https://openalex.org/W3085412016","https://openalex.org/W3131988611","https://openalex.org/W3159681162","https://openalex.org/W4226116598","https://openalex.org/W6630581133","https://openalex.org/W6780246534","https://openalex.org/W6794246948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362334938","https://openalex.org/W1557523735","https://openalex.org/W2248314326","https://openalex.org/W2483557577","https://openalex.org/W4293770853","https://openalex.org/W2056794087","https://openalex.org/W2356973015","https://openalex.org/W2546952811","https://openalex.org/W2066297175","https://openalex.org/W1988974780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,11,14,21,51,83,141,151,163,170,186,196,204,212,217,223,228,240,263,268,277,284,287],"rapid":[2],"increase":[3],"in":[4,139],"cyber":[5,17,33,54,88,96,190],"attacks":[6,27,34,191],"on":[7,35,126,192,211,262],"industrial":[8],"control":[9,120,209],"systems,":[10],"significance":[12],"of":[13,16,23,53,188,206,230,239,267,286],"application":[15,52,205],"security":[18,24,55,61,89,97,119,143,152,198,208,218,245],"controls":[19,56,84,98,153,219,246],"and":[20,103,195,247,260,289],"evaluation":[22],"against":[25],"such":[26,157],"has":[28],"also":[29,47,146],"increased.":[30],"Among":[31],"them,":[32],"nuclear":[36,269],"power":[37,270],"plants":[38],"(NPPs)":[39],"can":[40,176],"cause":[41],"not":[42,136],"only":[43,137,251],"economic":[44],"loss,":[45],"but":[46,145],"human":[48],"casualties.":[49],"Thus,":[50],"is":[57,77,135,233],"necessary":[58],"for":[59,203,279,291],"mitigating":[60],"threats,":[62,144],"especially":[63],"to":[64,73,79,86,100,111,122,148,179,214,234],"NPPs.":[65],"However,":[66],"currently,":[67],"there":[68],"are":[69],"limited":[70],"resources":[71,107],"pertaining":[72],"information":[74,105],"protection,":[75],"which":[76,175],"essential":[78],"uniformly":[80],"deploy":[81],"all":[82],"required":[85],"meet":[87],"regulations.":[90],"To":[91,159],"overcome":[92],"this":[93,133,161,226,231,274],"challenge,":[94,162],"effective":[95],"need":[99],"be":[101,109,177],"identified":[102],"adequate":[104],"protection":[106,265],"must":[108],"allocated":[110],"each":[112],"NPP.":[113],"Although":[114],"NPPs":[115],"apply":[116],"a":[117,181,236],"differential":[118,207],"according":[121],"its":[123,292],"characteristics":[124],"based":[125,210],"NEI":[127,252,258],"13-10":[128,253,259],"(Cyber":[129],"Security":[130],"Control":[131],"Assessments),":[132],"alone":[134],"insufficient":[138],"reflecting":[140],"latest":[142],"fails":[147],"confirm":[149],"whether":[150,216],"have":[154,220],"actually":[155,221],"mitigated":[156,222],"threats.":[158],"address":[160],"Electric":[164],"Power":[165],"Research":[166],"Institute":[167],"(ETRI)":[168],"developed":[169],"technical":[171],"assessment":[172],"methodology":[173,201],"(TAM),":[174],"used":[178],"generate":[180],"quantitative":[182],"score":[183,213],"by":[184,282],"assessing":[185,248],"effects":[187],"potential":[189],"an":[193],"asset":[194],"relevant":[197],"controls.":[199],"This":[200],"allows":[202],"identify":[215],"risks.":[224],"Considering":[225],"context,":[227],"purpose":[229],"paper":[232,275],"conduct":[235],"comparative":[237],"analysis":[238],"results":[241],"derived":[242],"from":[243],"applying":[244],"risks":[249],"using":[250],"as":[254,256],"well":[255],"both":[257],"TAM":[261,288],"plant":[264],"system":[266],"reactor":[271],"APR1400.":[272],"Furthermore,":[273],"discusses":[276],"scopes":[278],"subsequent":[280],"research":[281],"addressing":[283],"limitations":[285],"considerations":[290],"use.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
