{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320712969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244922","title":"A Deep Ensemble Learning-Based CNN Architecture for Multiclass Retinal Fluid Segmentation in OCT Images","display_name":"A Deep Ensemble Learning-Based CNN Architecture for Multiclass Retinal Fluid Segmentation in OCT Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320712969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244922","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10043848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10043848.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009857679","display_name":"Mohammad Rahil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rahil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-9127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011088572","display_name":"B. N. Anoop","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. N. Anoop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-391X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080789507","display_name":"G. N. Girish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-2388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City","ror":"https://ror.org/026873d40","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. N. Girish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City, Chittoor, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-2388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City, Chittoor, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066257041","display_name":"Abhishek Kothari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0196-7021"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek R. Kothari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pink City Eye and Retina Center, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0196-7021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pink City Eye and Retina Center, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046622313","display_name":"Shashidhar G. Koolagudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashidhar G. Koolagudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027824010","display_name":"Jeny Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeny Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-6005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009857679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.2846,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97642676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"17241","last_page":"17251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.8049278259277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7403281927108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.7283461689949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7185181975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6582737565040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6156264543533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.6134000420570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-disorder","display_name":"Retinal Disorder","score":0.44404253363609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43990737199783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.41170600056648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36762359738349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3622603416442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.33557558059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24801215529441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1134507954120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07513177394866943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.8049278259277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7403281927108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.7283461689949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7185181975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6582737565040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6156264543533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6134000420570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910227669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retinal Disorder","level":3,"score":0.44404253363609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43990737199783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.41170600056648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36762359738349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3622603416442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.33557558059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24801215529441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1134507954120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07513177394866943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244922","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10043848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9d4b4d7563754102aaeb0b80de498cdf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9d4b4d7563754102aaeb0b80de498cdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 17241-17251 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244922","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10043848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7281928033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EMR/2016/002677","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8572416517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EMR/2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320712969.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320712969.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W1983723060","https://openalex.org/W2028849037","https://openalex.org/W2040211087","https://openalex.org/W2047781078","https://openalex.org/W2137830133","https://openalex.org/W2147680334","https://openalex.org/W2300511734","https://openalex.org/W2319638030","https://openalex.org/W2536606021","https://openalex.org/W2570158845","https://openalex.org/W2586952804","https://openalex.org/W2587590794","https://openalex.org/W2592517646","https://openalex.org/W2749433617","https://openalex.org/W2753922518","https://openalex.org/W2765515037","https://openalex.org/W2772059204","https://openalex.org/W2774162826","https://openalex.org/W2792141483","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2913167635","https://openalex.org/W2919070891","https://openalex.org/W2974660115","https://openalex.org/W2979409059","https://openalex.org/W2987039128","https://openalex.org/W3010066814","https://openalex.org/W3017153481","https://openalex.org/W3029869524","https://openalex.org/W3077531713","https://openalex.org/W3081752372","https://openalex.org/W3092462072","https://openalex.org/W3127269845","https://openalex.org/W3133394016","https://openalex.org/W3158214231","https://openalex.org/W3159022280","https://openalex.org/W3189659869","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6731655226","https://openalex.org/W6743194397","https://openalex.org/W6745475985","https://openalex.org/W6746179608","https://openalex.org/W6750469568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1014602304","https://openalex.org/W1033756233","https://openalex.org/W2119498694","https://openalex.org/W1977334515","https://openalex.org/W2037746501","https://openalex.org/W2093210804","https://openalex.org/W1993625448","https://openalex.org/W161509527","https://openalex.org/W2914377121","https://openalex.org/W4226117275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinal":[0],"Fluids":[1],"(fluid":[2],"collections)":[3],"develop":[4],"because":[5],"of":[6,9,27,37,44,52,66,80,89,113,118,144,157,180],"the":[7,12,38,42,63,81,87,109,122,140,148,158,163,173],"accumulation":[8],"fluid":[10],"in":[11,85],"retina,":[13],"which":[14],"may":[15],"be":[16,117],"caused":[17],"by":[18],"several":[19],"retinal":[20,46,53,82,91,114,145,149],"disorders,":[21],"and":[22,40,50,72,78,100,111,154],"can":[23,138],"lead":[24],"to":[25,121],"loss":[26],"vision.":[28],"Optical":[29],"coherence":[30],"tomography":[31],"(OCT)":[32],"provides":[33],"non-invasive":[34],"cross-sectional":[35],"images":[36],"retina":[39],"enables":[41],"visualization":[43],"different":[45,142],"abnormalities.":[47],"The":[48,152,169],"identification":[49],"segmentation":[51,110],"cysts":[54,83,115,146],"from":[55,147],"OCT":[56,67,150],"scans":[57],"is":[58,69],"gaining":[59],"immense":[60],"attention":[61],"since":[62],"manual":[64],"analysis":[65],"data":[68],"time":[70],"consuming":[71],"requires":[73],"an":[74,105,177],"experienced":[75],"ophthalmologist.":[76],"Identification":[77],"categorization":[79],"aids":[84],"establishing":[86],"pathophysiology":[88],"various":[90],"diseases,":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94],"macular":[95,98,102],"edema,":[96,99],"diabetic":[97],"age-related":[101],"degeneration.":[103],"Hence,":[104],"automatic":[106],"algorithm":[107],"for":[108],"detection":[112],"would":[116],"great":[119],"value":[120],"ophthalmologists.":[123],"In":[124],"this":[125],"study,":[126],"we":[127],"have":[128],"proposed":[129,170],"a":[130],"convolutional":[131],"neural":[132],"network-based":[133],"deep":[134],"ensemble":[135],"architecture":[136],"that":[137],"segment":[139],"three":[141],"types":[143],"images.":[151],"quantitative":[153],"qualitative":[155],"performance":[156],"model":[159,171],"was":[160],"evaluated":[161],"using":[162],"publicly":[164],"available":[165],"RETOUCH":[166],"challenge":[167],"dataset.":[168],"outperformed":[172],"state-of-the-art":[174],"methods,":[175],"with":[176],"overall":[178],"improvement":[179],"1.8%.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}