{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319878650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244065","title":"Smart Analysis of Economics Sentiment in Spanish Based on Linguistic Features and Transformers","display_name":"Smart Analysis of Economics Sentiment in Spanish Based on Linguistic Features and Transformers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319878650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041929.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007054465","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garc\u00ed\u00ada-D\u00ed\u00adaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-2660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Antonio Garcia-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Informática, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-2660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Informática, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012134876","display_name":"Francisco Garc\u00eda\u2010S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Garcia-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Informática, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-5359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Informática, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077299140","display_name":"Rafael Valencia\u2010Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Valencia-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Informática, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-1791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Informática, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3799,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90382976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"14211","last_page":"14224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7991542816162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.759224534034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6753191351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6733621954917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6077668070793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5575602054595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4319199323654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38966378569602966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991542816162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.759224534034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6753191351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6733621954917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6077668070793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5575602054595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4319199323654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38966378569602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e86091550b649759a4d7bf83a58c539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e86091550b649759a4d7bf83a58c539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 14211-14224 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3244065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3244065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129734210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-131167B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643949827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2528937654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20963/PI/18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310087","funder_display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2601397997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2713276326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219925899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3412273058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3681454997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G387088971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDC2021-121112-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042783231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4253168651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-107652RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4993369510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDC2021-121112-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5383083984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-131167B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6823456974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7284861085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310087","funder_display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695128545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310087","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca","ror":"https://ror.org/03q68pf65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310209","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Banco Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy67m98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312331","display_name":"Banco Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/017d1hs72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322805","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319878650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319878650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W810042281","https://openalex.org/W1445021160","https://openalex.org/W2012378416","https://openalex.org/W2049211729","https://openalex.org/W2114401841","https://openalex.org/W2131776862","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2610005984","https://openalex.org/W2785939461","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2791458026","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2949202718","https://openalex.org/W2951732656","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2983877531","https://openalex.org/W3035101152","https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W3036066542","https://openalex.org/W3037109418","https://openalex.org/W3037458976","https://openalex.org/W3043424630","https://openalex.org/W3081483437","https://openalex.org/W3081987387","https://openalex.org/W3092146409","https://openalex.org/W3093460409","https://openalex.org/W3101323730","https://openalex.org/W3108759814","https://openalex.org/W3115467802","https://openalex.org/W3128561444","https://openalex.org/W3133048943","https://openalex.org/W3133966466","https://openalex.org/W3137066771","https://openalex.org/W3139376569","https://openalex.org/W3155398915","https://openalex.org/W3169483174","https://openalex.org/W3173213197","https://openalex.org/W3184834965","https://openalex.org/W3195990001","https://openalex.org/W3209875211","https://openalex.org/W4205931544","https://openalex.org/W4224291642","https://openalex.org/W4285594799","https://openalex.org/W4300485781","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385681388","https://openalex.org/W4386951003","https://openalex.org/W4394637965","https://openalex.org/W6603405191","https://openalex.org/W6607799657","https://openalex.org/W6622938743","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6729269041","https://openalex.org/W6747248625","https://openalex.org/W6748304040","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6767182473","https://openalex.org/W6768021236","https://openalex.org/W6769263558","https://openalex.org/W6785011507","https://openalex.org/W6965441720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548633793","https://openalex.org/W3013279174","https://openalex.org/W2941935829","https://openalex.org/W2596247554","https://openalex.org/W3132372214","https://openalex.org/W4224284088","https://openalex.org/W4286571989","https://openalex.org/W4226226396","https://openalex.org/W3153750606","https://openalex.org/W4308854837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Texts":[0],"related":[1],"to":[2,32,70],"economics":[3],"and":[4,13,39,66,112,127,138],"finances":[5],"are":[6],"characterized":[7],"by":[8,157],"the":[9,18,25,57,61,72,83,86,93],"use":[10],"of":[11,74,85,88,95,147,154,159],"words":[12],"expressions":[14],"whose":[15],"meaning":[16],"(and":[17],"sentiments":[19],"they":[20],"convey)":[21],"substantially":[22],"depend":[23],"on":[24,125],"context.":[26],"This":[27],"poses":[28],"a":[29,104,144,152],"major":[30],"challenge":[31],"Natural":[33],"Language":[34],"Processing":[35],"tasks":[36],"in":[37,42,60,92,98],"general,":[38],"Sentiment":[40,75,96],"Analysis":[41,76,97],"particular.":[43],"For":[44,102],"low-resource":[45],"languages":[46],"such":[47],"as":[48,115],"Spanish,":[49],"this":[50,79],"situation":[51],"becomes":[52],"even":[53],"more":[54],"acute.":[55],"Yet,":[56],"latest":[58],"advancements":[59],"field,":[62],"including":[63],"word":[64],"embeddings":[65,129],"transformers,":[67],"have":[68],"allowed":[69],"boost":[71],"performance":[73],"solutions.":[77],"In":[78],"work":[80],"we":[81],"explore":[82],"impact":[84],"combination":[87,153],"different":[89],"feature":[90,122,155],"sets":[91,123,156],"accuracy":[94],"Spanish":[99],"financial":[100],"texts.":[101],"this,":[103],"corpus":[105],"with":[106,131,143,151],"15,915":[107],"tweets":[108],"has":[109],"been":[110],"compiled":[111],"manually":[113],"annotated":[114],"either":[116],"positive,":[117],"negative,":[118],"or":[119],"neutral.":[120],"Then,":[121],"based":[124],"contextual":[126],"non-contextual":[128],"along":[130],"linguistic":[132],"features":[133],"were":[134,149],"evaluated":[135],"both":[136],"individually":[137],"combined.":[139],"The":[140],"best":[141],"results,":[142],"weighted":[145],"F1-score":[146],"73.15880%,":[148],"obtained":[150],"means":[158],"knowledge":[160],"integration.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}