{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319878991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243832","title":"Visual MMC Open Circuit Fault Real-Time Rapid Detection System","display_name":"Visual MMC Open Circuit Fault Real-Time Rapid Detection System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319878991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3243832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041894.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009355474","display_name":"Zhengqi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Institute of Engineering, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Institute of Engineering, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024226998","display_name":"Yuxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8847-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Institute of Engineering, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8847-7289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Institute of Engineering, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007488201","display_name":"Xintong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-9721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-9721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61758611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"15030","last_page":"15037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7371830940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.6470630764961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6403534412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6156945824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5765701532363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5722620487213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5269157290458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4390804171562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-system","display_name":"Transmission system","score":0.42368435859680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.40724360942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3765680491924286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34244462847709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3366057276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15941283106803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10733452439308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10484513640403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.09520968794822693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7371830940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.6470630764961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6403534412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6156945824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5765701532363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5722620487213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5269157290458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4390804171562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.42368435859680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.40724360942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3765680491924286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34244462847709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3366057276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15941283106803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10733452439308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10484513640403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.09520968794822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3243832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d872f9cbfe0d4dba96801ac130735bd3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d872f9cbfe0d4dba96801ac130735bd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 15030-15037 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3243832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10041894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319878991.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319878991.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084443180","https://openalex.org/W2121271034","https://openalex.org/W2165542296","https://openalex.org/W2390716400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W3112038843","https://openalex.org/W1994228036","https://openalex.org/W2365070162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,60,64,66,71,74,86,117,136,142,149],"widespread":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,35,63,73,116,130],"modular":[5],"multi-stage":[6],"converters,":[7],"demands":[9],"on":[10,114,128],"their":[11,25],"stability":[12],"are":[13,56,69,84,88],"increasing.":[14],"In":[15],"particular,":[16],"problems":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19,49,51],"open-circuit":[20],"and":[21,45,81,91,121,147],"short-circuit":[22],"faults":[23,83],"in":[24,139],"submodules":[26],"have":[27],"also":[28],"attracted":[29],"considerable":[30],"attention":[31],"from":[32,59],"all":[33],"walks":[34],"life.":[36],"On":[37],"this":[38],"basis,":[39],"a":[40,94,122],"machine":[41,53,98,105,109],"learning-based":[42],"fault":[43,137,146],"self-test":[44],"sub-module":[46,77],"tracking":[47],"strategy":[48],"well":[50],"innovative":[52],"learning":[54],"algorithms":[55],"proposed.":[57],"Starting":[58],"output":[61],"characteristics":[62],"sub-module,":[65],"harmonic":[67],"components":[68],"analysed,":[70],"eigenvalues":[72,87],"current":[75],"system":[76,120,143],"during":[78,82],"normal":[79],"operation":[80],"extracted,":[85],"quickly":[89,134],"categorised,":[90],"after":[92],"categorisation,":[93],"new":[95],"support":[96],"vector":[97],"model":[99,110],"is":[100,111,126,144],"put":[101],"into":[102],"place":[103],"for":[104],"learning.":[106],"The":[107],"trained":[108],"finally":[112],"embedded":[113],"top":[115,129],"MCU":[118],"integrated":[119],"communication":[123],"transmission":[124],"module":[125],"added":[127],"it,":[131],"which":[132],"can":[133],"determine":[135],"item":[138],"time":[140],"when":[141],"running":[145],"reduce":[148],"maintenance":[150],"cost":[151],"later.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
