{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319459149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243264","title":"Ridesharing and Crowdsourcing for Smart Cities: Technologies, Paradigms and Use Cases","display_name":"Ridesharing and Crowdsourcing for Smart Cities: Technologies, Paradigms and Use Cases","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319459149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3243264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243264","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10040639.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10040639.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111525101","display_name":"Kah Phooi Seng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kah Phooi Seng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xian Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xian Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073635669","display_name":"Li-Minn Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-7529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","display_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/016gb9e15","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Minn Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-7529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063842101","display_name":"Ericmoore Ngharamike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-9956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","display_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/016gb9e15","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ericmoore Ngharamike","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-9956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eno Peter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43427933","display_name":"Federal University Oye Ekiti","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5h6807","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eno Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE), Oye, Nigeria","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-9168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE), Oye, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111525101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I69356397"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.8628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90428162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"18038","last_page":"18081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9593172073364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notice","display_name":"Notice","score":0.6328622102737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-architecture","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","score":0.6053650975227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6017364263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5973681807518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.5445237159729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4687972664833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4247589111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.41785597801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-computing","display_name":"Urban computing","score":0.41389399766921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32084333896636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.2924997806549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19621816277503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19109302759170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.12641704082489014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9593172073364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.6328622102737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.6053650975227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6017364263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5973681807518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.5445237159729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4687972664833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4247589111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.41785597801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778459138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900107","display_name":"Urban computing","level":2,"score":0.41389399766921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32084333896636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2924997806549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19621816277503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19109302759170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.12641704082489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3243264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243264","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10040639.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:487407debc6d4906b0afa8d5cb9d8baa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/487407debc6d4906b0afa8d5cb9d8baa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 18038-18081 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3243264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3243264","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10040639.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2186355850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS123456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319459149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319459149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W400452007","https://openalex.org/W562315414","https://openalex.org/W649680729","https://openalex.org/W650289338","https://openalex.org/W1501435780","https://openalex.org/W1587934791","https://openalex.org/W1595774182","https://openalex.org/W1893706364","https://openalex.org/W1953335675","https://openalex.org/W1964551258","https://openalex.org/W1965089786","https://openalex.org/W1978591826","https://openalex.org/W1980402561","https://openalex.org/W1993912146","https://openalex.org/W2002533789","https://openalex.org/W2019899020","https://openalex.org/W2020329627","https://openalex.org/W2024250201","https://openalex.org/W2026906625","https://openalex.org/W2032643714","https://openalex.org/W2044969869","https://openalex.org/W2051334587","https://openalex.org/W2051358678","https://openalex.org/W2071086297","https://openalex.org/W2072027889","https://openalex.org/W2074197576","https://openalex.org/W2077715727","https://openalex.org/W2079508180","https://openalex.org/W2088147924","https://openalex.org/W2105834060","https://openalex.org/W2108196201","https://openalex.org/W2117442907","https://openalex.org/W2121375117","https://openalex.org/W2122755163","https://openalex.org/W2153458569","https://openalex.org/W2156266293","https://openalex.org/W2163599294","https://openalex.org/W2164966922","https://openalex.org/W2167431606","https://openalex.org/W2175381712","https://openalex.org/W2197625542","https://openalex.org/W2198072198","https://openalex.org/W2224511613","https://openalex.org/W2245682929","https://openalex.org/W2294890201","https://openalex.org/W2295274131","https://openalex.org/W2315865805","https://openalex.org/W2343373727","https://openalex.org/W2376898451","https://openalex.org/W2495320776","https://openalex.org/W2522004770","https://openalex.org/W2528886240","https://openalex.org/W2531512929","https://openalex.org/W2562400411","https://openalex.org/W2563198980","https://openalex.org/W2567735687","https://openalex.org/W2597364644","https://openalex.org/W2604283786","https://openalex.org/W2608757331","https://openalex.org/W2622632229","https://openalex.org/W2625826519","https://openalex.org/W2737021461","https://openalex.org/W2738008158","https://openalex.org/W2739512550","https://openalex.org/W2741362996","https://openalex.org/W2748071398","https://openalex.org/W2759841957","https://openalex.org/W2766314645","https://openalex.org/W2766490636","https://openalex.org/W2766675551","https://openalex.org/W2768355398","https://openalex.org/W2782525702","https://openalex.org/W2789557412","https://openalex.org/W2790071791","https://openalex.org/W2792846035","https://openalex.org/W2794058593","https://openalex.org/W2800784028","https://openalex.org/W2805291027","https://openalex.org/W2806655533","https://openalex.org/W2809316509","https://openalex.org/W2891391896","https://openalex.org/W2899006419","https://openalex.org/W2899181974","https://openalex.org/W2902739569","https://openalex.org/W2903950923","https://openalex.org/W2905211456","https://openalex.org/W2905525273","https://openalex.org/W2913194897","https://openalex.org/W2913196913","https://openalex.org/W2915023623","https://openalex.org/W2920350483","https://openalex.org/W2922336629","https://openalex.org/W2924075162","https://openalex.org/W2938894346","https://openalex.org/W2939904579","https://openalex.org/W2944299967","https://openalex.org/W2946248411","https://openalex.org/W2948291667","https://openalex.org/W2948737470","https://openalex.org/W2948942375","https://openalex.org/W2949190460","https://openalex.org/W2950102557","https://openalex.org/W2954415500","https://openalex.org/W2955925394","https://openalex.org/W2962989616","https://openalex.org/W2964195669","https://openalex.org/W2964571806","https://openalex.org/W2964804058","https://openalex.org/W2966531646","https://openalex.org/W2968301466","https://openalex.org/W2969093262","https://openalex.org/W2969456713","https://openalex.org/W2970142969","https://openalex.org/W2973429399","https://openalex.org/W2977752641","https://openalex.org/W2981092169","https://openalex.org/W2984102026","https://openalex.org/W2990510028","https://openalex.org/W2990983168","https://openalex.org/W2991290428","https://openalex.org/W3001752703","https://openalex.org/W3001931278","https://openalex.org/W3004379058","https://openalex.org/W3005072836","https://openalex.org/W3005147439","https://openalex.org/W3006149340","https://openalex.org/W3010425132","https://openalex.org/W3015584288","https://openalex.org/W3021263584","https://openalex.org/W3029167805","https://openalex.org/W3034155816","https://openalex.org/W3035806999","https://openalex.org/W3037675691","https://openalex.org/W3043890802","https://openalex.org/W3046068792","https://openalex.org/W3048356288","https://openalex.org/W3048865944","https://openalex.org/W3092865604","https://openalex.org/W3095667572","https://openalex.org/W3096877845","https://openalex.org/W3102627779","https://openalex.org/W3106386562","https://openalex.org/W3106433590","https://openalex.org/W3108779237","https://openalex.org/W3113288164","https://openalex.org/W3113447072","https://openalex.org/W3116063371","https://openalex.org/W3116266749","https://openalex.org/W3120215943","https://openalex.org/W3121728793","https://openalex.org/W3125178068","https://openalex.org/W3127432968","https://openalex.org/W3127809440","https://openalex.org/W3128626098","https://openalex.org/W3129697406","https://openalex.org/W3131327360","https://openalex.org/W3133149680","https://openalex.org/W3134341229","https://openalex.org/W3135837680","https://openalex.org/W3137278593","https://openalex.org/W3147816808","https://openalex.org/W3151843510","https://openalex.org/W3152894560","https://openalex.org/W3153024647","https://openalex.org/W3154694233","https://openalex.org/W3159912878","https://openalex.org/W3198898449","https://openalex.org/W4242099633","https://openalex.org/W6688966819","https://openalex.org/W6738000535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W612528433","https://openalex.org/W2733090591","https://openalex.org/W1595555513","https://openalex.org/W566290193","https://openalex.org/W1967006421","https://openalex.org/W2143379912","https://openalex.org/W2062914339","https://openalex.org/W589228320","https://openalex.org/W2040086664","https://openalex.org/W3161482377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"technology":[1],"developments":[2],"and":[3,11,23,38,50,58,77,87,95,119,129,135,151,154,158,168,177],"the":[4,16,31,48,59,64,69,78,172],"numerous":[5],"availabilities":[6],"of":[7,33,117,175],"mobile":[8],"users,":[9],"devices":[10],"Internet":[12],"technologies":[13],"together":[14],"with":[15,164],"growing":[17],"focus":[18],"on":[19],"reducing":[20],"traffic":[21],"congestion":[22],"emissions":[24],"in":[25,137],"urban":[26],"areas":[27],"have":[28],"led":[29],"to":[30,44,71,92,106,112],"emergence":[32],"new":[34,115],"paradigms":[35],"for":[36,40,66,97,121,141,146,171,180],"ridesharing":[37,67,118,176],"crowdsourcing":[39,120,178],"smart":[41,122,181],"cities.":[42,182],"Compared":[43],"carpooling":[45],"approaches":[46,88],"where":[47],"driver":[49],"participant":[51],"passengers":[52],"or":[53],"riders":[54,96],"are":[55,81,89,103],"usually":[56],"prearranged":[57],"journey":[60],"details":[61],"known":[62],"beforehand,":[63],"paradigm":[65,116],"requires":[68],"participants":[70],"be":[72,107],"selected":[73],"at":[74],"short":[75],"notice":[76],"rider":[79],"trips":[80],"often":[82],"dynamically":[83],"formed.":[84],"Crowdsourcing":[85],"techniques":[86],"well":[90],"suited":[91],"match":[93],"drivers":[94],"these":[98],"dynamic":[99],"scenarios,":[100],"although":[101],"there":[102],"many":[104],"challenges":[105],"addressed.":[108],"This":[109],"paper":[110,162],"aims":[111],"survey":[113],"this":[114],"city":[123],"transportation":[124],"environments":[125],"from":[126],"several":[127],"technological":[128],"social":[130],"perspectives":[131],"including:":[132],"(1)":[133],"Ridesharing":[134],"architecture":[136],"transportation;":[138],"(2)":[139],"Techniques":[140],"ridesharing;":[142,147,153],"(3)":[143],"Artificial":[144],"intelligence":[145],"(4)":[148],"Autonomous":[149],"vehicles":[150],"systems":[152],"(5)":[155],"Security,":[156],"policy":[157],"pricing":[159],"strategies.":[160],"The":[161],"concludes":[163],"some":[165],"use":[166],"cases":[167],"lessons":[169],"learned":[170],"practical":[173],"deployment":[174],"platforms":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}