{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319303315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3242645","title":"Integration of Cognitive Radio Technology in NOMA-Based B5G Networks: State of the Art, Challenges, and Enabling Technologies","display_name":"Integration of Cognitive Radio Technology in NOMA-Based B5G Networks: State of the Art, Challenges, and Enabling Technologies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319303315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3242645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3242645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3242645","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10038508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10038508.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061679058","display_name":"Haythem Bany Salameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-7212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85507684","display_name":"Yarmouk University","ror":"https://ror.org/004mbaj56","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}],"countries":["AE","GB","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haythem Bany Salameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networks and Communication Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","School of Computing, Staffordshire University, stoke-in city, UK","Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-7212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networks and Communication Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Staffordshire University, stoke-in city, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002171627","display_name":"Sharief Abdel\u2010Razeq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85507684","display_name":"Yarmouk University","ror":"https://ror.org/004mbaj56","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharief Abdel-Razeq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-6621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021416745","display_name":"Haitham Al\u2010Obiedollah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-800X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham Al-Obiedollah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-800X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.9232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96974784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"12949","last_page":"12962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.8328919410705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.74169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5648177862167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5064407587051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4011976718902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3592565655708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3408362865447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2276000678539276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.07823199033737183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.8328919410705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.74169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5648177862167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5064407587051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4011976718902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3592565655708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3408362865447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2276000678539276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.07823199033737183}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3242645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3242645","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10038508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:934e0f5adb37454e828238a86c8d39f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/934e0f5adb37454e828238a86c8d39f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 12949-12962 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3242645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3242645","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10038508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319303315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319303315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508266775","https://openalex.org/W1690504809","https://openalex.org/W1901462474","https://openalex.org/W1974877648","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2060768956","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2076427738","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2167818879","https://openalex.org/W2273843501","https://openalex.org/W2273854459","https://openalex.org/W2515756451","https://openalex.org/W2516569912","https://openalex.org/W2546811245","https://openalex.org/W2558778358","https://openalex.org/W2562812855","https://openalex.org/W2584493856","https://openalex.org/W2593306067","https://openalex.org/W2612983613","https://openalex.org/W2760889471","https://openalex.org/W2773185736","https://openalex.org/W2774593020","https://openalex.org/W2782851916","https://openalex.org/W2789624023","https://openalex.org/W2790161905","https://openalex.org/W2790297563","https://openalex.org/W2796123563","https://openalex.org/W2799857121","https://openalex.org/W2807813999","https://openalex.org/W2901607833","https://openalex.org/W2902492705","https://openalex.org/W2907930484","https://openalex.org/W2909587182","https://openalex.org/W2913563820","https://openalex.org/W2914462121","https://openalex.org/W2951694401","https://openalex.org/W2953984813","https://openalex.org/W2954193369","https://openalex.org/W2963003103","https://openalex.org/W2963534945","https://openalex.org/W2963822954","https://openalex.org/W2964184254","https://openalex.org/W2964279457","https://openalex.org/W2964324486","https://openalex.org/W2964350561","https://openalex.org/W2968223228","https://openalex.org/W2973449430","https://openalex.org/W2979599946","https://openalex.org/W2982405641","https://openalex.org/W2982423125","https://openalex.org/W2992787794","https://openalex.org/W2993697291","https://openalex.org/W2998755892","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3004116256","https://openalex.org/W3005552405","https://openalex.org/W3008005591","https://openalex.org/W3008705472","https://openalex.org/W3009963081","https://openalex.org/W3014024894","https://openalex.org/W3015704154","https://openalex.org/W3016146955","https://openalex.org/W3023676529","https://openalex.org/W3032037112","https://openalex.org/W3032310379","https://openalex.org/W3035695040","https://openalex.org/W3038281187","https://openalex.org/W3044120872","https://openalex.org/W3044169398","https://openalex.org/W3045699231","https://openalex.org/W3099679786","https://openalex.org/W3102217847","https://openalex.org/W3102809470","https://openalex.org/W3130559101","https://openalex.org/W3131363869","https://openalex.org/W3132288819","https://openalex.org/W3147235462","https://openalex.org/W3159053602","https://openalex.org/W3160041332","https://openalex.org/W3161781307","https://openalex.org/W3183478470","https://openalex.org/W3184887206","https://openalex.org/W3188494896","https://openalex.org/W3201783700","https://openalex.org/W3201997390","https://openalex.org/W3205171351","https://openalex.org/W3208121901","https://openalex.org/W3209437891","https://openalex.org/W3209606856","https://openalex.org/W3216574341","https://openalex.org/W4200502087","https://openalex.org/W4205259986","https://openalex.org/W4205790754","https://openalex.org/W4205793965","https://openalex.org/W4206813823","https://openalex.org/W4210525043","https://openalex.org/W4214549695","https://openalex.org/W4220712210","https://openalex.org/W4226126386","https://openalex.org/W4226151570","https://openalex.org/W4280493731","https://openalex.org/W4280633437","https://openalex.org/W4285065385","https://openalex.org/W4285143164","https://openalex.org/W4285170173","https://openalex.org/W4288391503","https://openalex.org/W4289821488","https://openalex.org/W4291653260","https://openalex.org/W4292347981","https://openalex.org/W4292387474","https://openalex.org/W4293057297","https://openalex.org/W4293408087","https://openalex.org/W4307329937","https://openalex.org/W4312466086","https://openalex.org/W6726227549","https://openalex.org/W6739988927","https://openalex.org/W6845678736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W4309235375","https://openalex.org/W2887349183","https://openalex.org/W2338497048","https://openalex.org/W2057360971","https://openalex.org/W4364360709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,219],"integration":[1],"of":[2,31,91,131,149,167,176,192,211],"cognitive":[3],"radio":[4],"(CR)":[5],"technology":[6,62],"and":[7,110,128,147,188,199,232,240,245],"non-orthogonal":[8],"multiple":[9,51,107],"access":[10,73,108],"(NOMA)":[11],"techniques,":[12,183],"referred":[13],"to":[14,27,40,53,72,163],"as":[15,23],"CR-based":[16,102,116,152,178,216],"NOMA":[17,49,103,140,153,179,217,234],"system,":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20,98],"recently":[21,99],"configured":[22],"a":[24,129],"promising":[25],"solution":[26],"meet":[28],"the":[29,55,74,80,87,119,139,150,158,164,174,185,189,202,208],"requirements":[30,90],"beyond":[32],"fifth":[33],"generation":[34],"(B5G)":[35],"networks,":[36,93],"especially":[37],"those":[38],"related":[39,162],"Internet-of-Things":[41],"(IoT)":[42],"applications.":[43],"With":[44],"such":[45,168,193],"integration,":[46],"power":[47],"domain":[48],"allows":[50],"users":[52,70],"share":[54],"same":[56],"orthogonal":[57,106],"resource":[58],"blocks,":[59],"while":[60],"CR":[61],"enables":[63],"opportunistic":[64],"bandwidth":[65],"utilization":[66],"by":[67],"permitting":[68],"secondary":[69],"(SUs)":[71],"licensed":[75,120],"spectrum":[76],"frequency":[77,121],"without":[78],"interrupting":[79],"primary":[81],"users\u2019":[82],"(PUs)":[83],"activities.":[84],"To":[85],"support":[86],"massive":[88],"connectivity":[89],"IoT-based":[92],"several":[94,126],"multiple-access":[95,182],"techniques":[96],"have":[97],"combined":[100],"with":[101,180],"systems,":[104,118],"including":[105],"(OMA)":[109],"multiple-antenna":[111],"techniques.":[112],"For":[113],"example,":[114],"in":[115,215],"OMA-NOMA":[117],"band":[122],"is":[123,133],"split":[124],"into":[125],"channels,":[127],"set":[130],"SUs":[132],"served":[134],"on":[135],"each":[136],"channel":[137],"using":[138],"technique.":[141],"This":[142],"paper":[143,172,206],"provides":[144],"an":[145],"overview":[146],"analysis":[148],"state-of-the-art":[151],"network":[154],"architecture.":[155],"It":[156],"summarizes":[157],"main":[159],"design":[160,190],"challenges":[161,191],"practical":[165],"implementation":[166],"systems.":[169,235],"Furthermore,":[170],"this":[171,205],"presents":[173],"advances":[175],"combining":[177],"recent":[181,213],"where":[184],"potential":[186,209],"capabilities":[187,210],"integrated":[194],"systems":[195],"are":[196,243],"also":[197],"investigated":[198],"discussed.":[200,246],"On":[201],"other":[203],"hand,":[204],"demonstrates":[207],"deploying":[212],"technologies":[214,220],"networks.":[218],"include":[221],"intelligent":[222],"reflecting":[223],"surfaces,":[224],"terahertz":[225],"communications,":[226],"machine":[227],"learning,":[228],"unmanned":[229],"aerial":[230],"vehicles,":[231],"hybrid":[233],"Finally,":[236],"future":[237],"research":[238],"directions":[239],"open":[241],"issues":[242],"provided":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}