{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318586155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240648","title":"A Non-Reference Evaluation of Underwater Image Enhancement Methods Using a New Underwater Image Dataset","display_name":"A Non-Reference Evaluation of Underwater Image Enhancement Methods Using a New Underwater Image Dataset","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318586155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240648","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10028983.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10028983.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083316560","display_name":"Ashraf Saleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-850X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-850X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113991367","display_name":"Sidike Paheding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-9672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidike Paheding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-9672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087365791","display_name":"Nathir A. Rawashdeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-9317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathir Rawashdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-9317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062247805","display_name":"Ali Ismail Awad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3800-0757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020410663","display_name":"Navjot Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navjot Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-6175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083316560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.1521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95432266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"10412","last_page":"10428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.8984445929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.728704571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7235538959503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6342812180519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5523911714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5224020481109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5197674632072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"Image enhancement","score":0.47578465938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.475129634141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4573270082473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3980254828929901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15790250897407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1022430956363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07586383819580078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.8984445929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.728704571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7235538959503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6342812180519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5523911714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5224020481109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5197674632072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017601658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image enhancement","level":3,"score":0.47578465938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.475129634141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4573270082473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3980254828929901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15790250897407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1022430956363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07586383819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240648","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10028983.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p-36165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/16866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:81d294170b6e47c0ab4f6ca9cfd228b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/81d294170b6e47c0ab4f6ca9cfd228b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 10412-10428 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240648","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10028983.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318586155.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318586155.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130373235","https://openalex.org/W1938336627","https://openalex.org/W1982471090","https://openalex.org/W2083610878","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2771986438","https://openalex.org/W2792792330","https://openalex.org/W2794405642","https://openalex.org/W2831859938","https://openalex.org/W2948400274","https://openalex.org/W2948605381","https://openalex.org/W2956328874","https://openalex.org/W2964088115","https://openalex.org/W2966516593","https://openalex.org/W2970375873","https://openalex.org/W2970415637","https://openalex.org/W2971483169","https://openalex.org/W2971889950","https://openalex.org/W2975086823","https://openalex.org/W2990176100","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W2994899984","https://openalex.org/W2997763120","https://openalex.org/W2999811308","https://openalex.org/W3005245144","https://openalex.org/W3006777311","https://openalex.org/W3007665543","https://openalex.org/W3009406242","https://openalex.org/W3032766569","https://openalex.org/W3038967119","https://openalex.org/W3042930711","https://openalex.org/W3063016731","https://openalex.org/W3095921757","https://openalex.org/W3109264373","https://openalex.org/W3132413796","https://openalex.org/W3145601439","https://openalex.org/W3153844346","https://openalex.org/W3157502174","https://openalex.org/W3159660641","https://openalex.org/W3181560650","https://openalex.org/W3195510986","https://openalex.org/W3202566931","https://openalex.org/W3205291758","https://openalex.org/W4200606162","https://openalex.org/W4221161982","https://openalex.org/W4226197550","https://openalex.org/W4280646643","https://openalex.org/W4281937845","https://openalex.org/W4282914989","https://openalex.org/W4286565472","https://openalex.org/W4294871818","https://openalex.org/W4313641268","https://openalex.org/W6753322352","https://openalex.org/W6800885309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2790373247","https://openalex.org/W3176339164","https://openalex.org/W4361733550","https://openalex.org/W2981142287","https://openalex.org/W2394308979","https://openalex.org/W2219404550","https://openalex.org/W2786206461","https://openalex.org/W3211387963","https://openalex.org/W3212254418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,149,176],"rise":[1],"of":[2,40,62,65,73,120,133,136,161],"vision-based":[3],"environmental,":[4],"marine,":[5],"and":[6,32,143],"oceanic":[7],"exploration":[8],"research":[9],"highlights":[10],"the":[11,83,134,137,145,154],"need":[12],"for":[13,52],"supporting":[14],"underwater":[15,42],"image":[16,43,110,123,156],"enhancement":[17,44,111,157],"techniques":[18,45],"to":[19,75,106],"help":[20],"mitigate":[21],"water":[22],"effects":[23],"on":[24],"images":[25,64,165],"such":[26],"as":[27],"blurriness,":[28],"low":[29],"color":[30],"contrast,":[31],"poor":[33],"quality.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"an":[38],"evaluation":[39,125],"common":[41,121],"using":[46,117],"our":[47,104],"new":[48],"publicly-available":[49],"Challenging":[50],"Dataset":[51],"Underwater":[53],"Image":[54],"Enhancement":[55],"(CDUIE).":[56],"collected":[58],"dataset":[59,105,177],"is":[60,178],"comprised":[61],"85":[63],"aquatic":[66],"plants":[67],"taken":[68],"at":[69,113,140,173,180],"a":[70,89,96,118,130],"shallow":[71],"depth":[72],"up":[74],"three":[76,79,114],"meters":[77],"from":[78],"different":[80,115,141],"locations":[81],"in":[82],"Great":[84],"Lake":[85],"Superior,":[86],"USA,":[87],"via":[88],"Remotely":[90],"Operated":[91],"Vehicle":[92],"(ROV)":[93],"equipped":[94],"with":[95,166],"high-definition":[97],"RGB":[98],"camera.":[99],"In":[100],"particular,":[101],"we":[102,128],"use":[103],"benchmark":[107],"nine":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"models":[112,139,158,168],"depths":[116,142],"set":[119],"non-reference":[122],"quality":[124],"metrics.":[126],"Then":[127],"provide":[129],"comparative":[131],"analysis":[132],"performance":[135],"selected":[138,155],"highlight":[144],"most":[146],"prevalent":[147],"ones.":[148],"obtained":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"are":[159],"capable":[160],"producing":[162],"considerably":[163],"better-quality":[164],"some":[167],"performing":[169],"better":[170],"than":[171],"others":[172],"certain":[174],"depths.":[175],"available":[179],"<uri":[181],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[182],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://www.github.com/ashrafrepo/underwater-image-enhancement</uri>":[183],".":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}