{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318586122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240516","title":"Grid-Forming Control of Voltage Source Converters Based on the Virtual-Flux Orientation","display_name":"Grid-Forming Control of Voltage Source Converters Based on the Virtual-Flux Orientation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318586122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240516","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10029353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10029353.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089060052","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez-Amenedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-4596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University CARLOS III of Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-4596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University CARLOS III of Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048781395","display_name":"Santiago Arnaltes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-2387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Arnaltes Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University CARLOS III of Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-2387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University CARLOS III of Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040446910","display_name":"Markel Zubiaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-3117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086616","display_name":"Ingeteam (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/002xeeh02","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086616"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markel Zubiaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ingeteam Research and Development Europe S. L., Zamudio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ingeteam Research and Development Europe S. L., Zamudio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023486621","display_name":"Pedro Izurza-Moreno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086616","display_name":"Ingeteam (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/002xeeh02","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086616"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Izurza-Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ingeteam Research and Development Europe S. L., Zamudio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ingeteam Research and Development Europe S. L., Zamudio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039818319","display_name":"Joseba Arza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-6836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086616","display_name":"Ingeteam (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/002xeeh02","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086616"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseba Arza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ingeteam Research and Development Europe S. L., Zamudio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ingeteam Research and Development Europe S. L., Zamudio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061582479","display_name":"Juan Dolado Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-3490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Dolado Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University CARLOS III of Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-3490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University CARLOS III of Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089060052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.6143,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95245986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"10254","last_page":"10274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7348300218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source","display_name":"Voltage source","score":0.67830491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5950603485107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.45449936389923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4522072970867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4440324008464813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4330645799636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4239526391029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulation","display_name":"Voltage regulation","score":0.4219599962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35000666975975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33525925874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2994439899921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13420072197914124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.0739469826221466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7348300218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144655898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161128","display_name":"Voltage source","level":3,"score":0.67830491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5950603485107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.45449936389923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4522072970867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4440324008464813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4330645799636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4239526391029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.4219599962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35000666975975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33525925874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2994439899921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13420072197914124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0739469826221466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240516","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10029353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/70662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10810/70662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401964","display_name":"Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","host_organization_name":"University of the Basque Country","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e06ede612064c72bb44f54cc5067fff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e06ede612064c72bb44f54cc5067fff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 10254-10274 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3240516","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10029353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318586122.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318586122.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484104892","https://openalex.org/W1930480533","https://openalex.org/W1965885281","https://openalex.org/W1978770230","https://openalex.org/W1981321957","https://openalex.org/W1984054482","https://openalex.org/W1993960457","https://openalex.org/W2015723707","https://openalex.org/W2028769394","https://openalex.org/W2035221773","https://openalex.org/W2040578945","https://openalex.org/W2040846055","https://openalex.org/W2047617506","https://openalex.org/W2073330654","https://openalex.org/W2104195154","https://openalex.org/W2105806216","https://openalex.org/W2108326722","https://openalex.org/W2112242185","https://openalex.org/W2124708943","https://openalex.org/W2142419179","https://openalex.org/W2151903076","https://openalex.org/W2162156389","https://openalex.org/W2164247358","https://openalex.org/W2176380137","https://openalex.org/W2183721398","https://openalex.org/W2207798671","https://openalex.org/W2242939248","https://openalex.org/W2250054796","https://openalex.org/W2293277594","https://openalex.org/W2313702332","https://openalex.org/W2344321511","https://openalex.org/W2344894939","https://openalex.org/W2402947705","https://openalex.org/W2548949292","https://openalex.org/W2549852615","https://openalex.org/W2556298018","https://openalex.org/W2563156639","https://openalex.org/W2613271472","https://openalex.org/W2750703600","https://openalex.org/W2767549976","https://openalex.org/W2777768351","https://openalex.org/W2783423372","https://openalex.org/W2783890404","https://openalex.org/W2884834346","https://openalex.org/W2888785488","https://openalex.org/W2889701049","https://openalex.org/W2897459764","https://openalex.org/W2921745204","https://openalex.org/W2931646133","https://openalex.org/W2941281907","https://openalex.org/W2953761411","https://openalex.org/W2960654184","https://openalex.org/W2962923658","https://openalex.org/W2963319733","https://openalex.org/W2963714928","https://openalex.org/W2963778198","https://openalex.org/W2970272108","https://openalex.org/W2982237125","https://openalex.org/W2996297915","https://openalex.org/W2999002324","https://openalex.org/W2999625554","https://openalex.org/W3027662733","https://openalex.org/W3033334786","https://openalex.org/W3033648391","https://openalex.org/W3088915639","https://openalex.org/W3095852123","https://openalex.org/W3202678309","https://openalex.org/W3209467351","https://openalex.org/W3215341229","https://openalex.org/W4240754760","https://openalex.org/W4250628974","https://openalex.org/W7020007201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003861339","https://openalex.org/W3215019463","https://openalex.org/W2384397176","https://openalex.org/W2368765080","https://openalex.org/W2354494582","https://openalex.org/W2354335100","https://openalex.org/W2383413209","https://openalex.org/W2142193642","https://openalex.org/W2963897803","https://openalex.org/W2370443625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,95,176,256],"increasing":[1],"penetration":[2,30],"of":[3,31,62,76,89,103,118,183],"renewable":[4],"generation":[5],"in":[6,33,149,173,253,264,275],"power":[7,42,169,239],"systems":[8],"is":[9,71,98,110,134,186,197,249],"causing":[10],"growing":[11],"concern":[12],"about":[13],"system":[14,43],"stability.":[15,44],"Grid-forming":[16],"(GFM)":[17],"control":[18,51,153,162,259,267],"has":[19,261],"been":[20,262],"appointed":[21],"as":[22,36,137,212,251],"the":[23,34,41,59,74,87,90,101,104,113,125,131,143,146,154,159,166,181,254],"technology":[24],"required":[25],"for":[26,53,200,245,279],"achieving":[27,58],"a":[28,48,63,77,82,119,138,195,243,265,276],"high":[29,191,231],"renewables":[32],"grid,":[35],"it":[37,109],"successfully":[38],"contributes":[39],"to":[40,81,112,142,152,164,206,228],"This":[45],"paper":[46,177],"proposes":[47],"novel":[49],"grid-forming":[50,258,282],"scheme":[52,70,260],"voltage":[54,107,139,172,213,217],"source":[55,140],"converters":[56,185,210],"(VSC)":[57],"operational":[60],"characteristics":[61],"virtual":[64,79,96],"synchronous":[65,91],"machine":[66],"(VSM).":[67],"proposed":[69,199,250,257],"based":[72],"on":[73],"orientation":[75,148],"defined":[78],"flux":[80,97,120,126,147,160],"reference":[83,114],"axis":[84,115],"obtained":[85,99],"from":[86],"emulation":[88],"generator":[92],"swing":[93],"equation.":[94],"by":[100,116,238],"integration":[102],"VSC":[105,132,155,167],"internal":[106],"and":[108,269],"oriented":[111],"means":[117],"controller":[121],"that":[122,180,208,234],"also":[123,178,198],"controls":[124],"magnitude.":[127],"In":[128],"this":[129],"way,":[130],"synchronism":[133],"maintained,":[135],"operating":[136],"connected":[141],"grid.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"turn":[150],"allows":[151,163],"active":[156],"power,":[157],"while":[158],"magnitude":[161],"regulate":[165],"reactive":[168],"or":[170],"terminal":[171],"isolated":[174],"mode.":[175],"demonstrates":[179],"stability":[182],"GFM":[184,209],"negatively":[187],"affected":[188],"when":[189],"emulating":[190],"inertia":[192],"values.":[193],"So,":[194],"stabilizer":[196],"damping":[201],"these":[202],"modes.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"due":[205],"fact":[207],"behave":[211],"sources,":[214],"their":[215],"low":[216],"ride":[218],"through":[219],"capability":[220],"becomes":[221],"an":[222],"issue,":[223],"because":[224],"they":[225],"naturally":[226],"respond":[227],"faults":[229],"with":[230],"short-circuit":[232],"currents,":[233],"cannot":[235],"be":[236],"withstand":[237],"electronics":[240],"converters.":[241],"Therefore,":[242],"method":[244],"limiting":[246],"fault":[247],"currents":[248],"well":[252],"paper.":[255],"implemented":[263],"real-time":[266,277],"platform":[268],"validated":[270],"using":[271],"comprehensive":[272],"simulation":[273],"models":[274],"simulator":[278],"assessing":[280],"its":[281],"capability.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}