{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317796242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238711","title":"Scalable and Fast Algorithm for Constructing Phylogenetic Trees With Application to IoT Malware Clustering","display_name":"Scalable and Fast Algorithm for Constructing Phylogenetic Trees With Application to IoT Malware Clustering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317796242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3238711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238711","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10024280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10024280.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024463577","display_name":"Tianxiang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-817X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-817X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068829903","display_name":"Chansu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chansu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-5300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085568759","display_name":"Ryoichi Isawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryoichi Isawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029032117","display_name":"Takeshi Takahashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-7770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-7770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050611028","display_name":"Shuji Kijima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-2330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuji Kijima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020270107","display_name":"Jun\u2019ichi Takeuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-3082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun'ichi Takeuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-3082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65548055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"8240","last_page":"8253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8002496957778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7671441435813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7411494255065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-tree","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","score":0.69954514503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6282590627670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6207578778266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5081086158752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4662695527076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4076507091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3354530930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27915745973587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.176410973072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07255110144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.0686880350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06454235315322876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8002496957778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7671441435813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7411494255065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.69954514503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6282590627670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6207578778266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5081086158752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4662695527076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4076507091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3354530930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27915745973587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.176410973072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07255110144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0686880350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06454235315322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3238711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238711","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10024280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d106bc6fbe343768337ee0142d27fb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d106bc6fbe343768337ee0142d27fb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 8240-8253 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3238711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238711","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10024280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3723536152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ000254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325628","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325628","display_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs1pz50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317796242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317796242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135165129","https://openalex.org/W1851403712","https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2054658115","https://openalex.org/W2097706568","https://openalex.org/W2111574103","https://openalex.org/W2128859735","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2144221002","https://openalex.org/W2145056020","https://openalex.org/W2155615465","https://openalex.org/W2155729921","https://openalex.org/W2159423903","https://openalex.org/W2479486189","https://openalex.org/W2514847810","https://openalex.org/W2518866423","https://openalex.org/W2750441639","https://openalex.org/W2753562621","https://openalex.org/W2806076636","https://openalex.org/W2964242288","https://openalex.org/W2997620615","https://openalex.org/W3085755012","https://openalex.org/W3113371616","https://openalex.org/W3157039573","https://openalex.org/W3157814027","https://openalex.org/W3158079430","https://openalex.org/W3158610871","https://openalex.org/W3171395508","https://openalex.org/W3216526200","https://openalex.org/W4226019100","https://openalex.org/W4226539372","https://openalex.org/W4293230792","https://openalex.org/W6632780167","https://openalex.org/W6639864006","https://openalex.org/W6795155905","https://openalex.org/W6841607507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2362218761","https://openalex.org/W2113708670","https://openalex.org/W2062354928","https://openalex.org/W2088120817","https://openalex.org/W2158340599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,92,97,100,104,119,135,140,147,167,177,182,187,214,220],"development":[2],"of":[3,14,38,99,117,121,124,134,180,190,228],"IoT":[4,15,204],"devices,":[5],"there":[6],"is":[7,56,174],"a":[8,45,53,65,74,82,110,125,131,156],"rapid":[9],"increase":[10],"in":[11,29,64],"new":[12,157,163],"types":[13],"malware":[16,33,39,47,164,205],"and":[17,185,200,230,236],"variants,":[18],"causing":[19],"social":[20],"problems.":[21],"The":[22,88,207],"malware\u2019s":[23],"phylogenetic":[24,54,77,111,141,169,183],"tree":[25,55,78,112,142,170,184],"has":[26],"been":[27],"used":[28],"many":[30],"studies":[31],"for":[32,51,232],"clustering":[34,83,188,198,224,233],"or":[35,59],"better":[36],"understanding":[37],"evolution.":[40],"However,":[41],"when":[42],"dealing":[43],"with":[44,81,202,219],"large-scale":[46],"set,":[48],"conventional":[49,221],"methods":[50],"constructing":[52,181],"very":[57],"time-consuming":[58],"even":[60],"cannot":[61],"be":[62],"done":[63],"realistic":[66],"time.":[67],"To":[68],"solve":[69],"this":[70],"problem,":[71],"we":[72,154],"propose":[73,155],"high-speed,":[75],"scalable":[76],"construction":[79],"algorithm":[80,84,128,160,212,225],"to":[85,161,175],"cluster":[86],"it.":[87],"proposed":[89],"method":[90],"involves":[91],"following":[93],"steps:":[94],"(1)":[95],"Calculating":[96],"similarity":[98,120,136],"specimen":[101],"pairs":[102,123],"using":[103],"normalized":[105],"compression":[106],"distance.":[107],"(2)":[108],"Creating":[109],"containing":[113],"all":[114,122],"specimens,":[115],"instead":[116],"calculating":[118],"specimen,":[126],"our":[127,191,196,211],"only":[129],"calculates":[130],"small":[132],"part":[133],"matrix.":[137],"(3)":[138],"Dividing":[139],"into":[143,166],"clusters":[144],"by":[145,216],"applying":[146],"minimum":[148],"description":[149],"length":[150],"criterion.":[151],"In":[152],"addition,":[153],"online":[158],"processing":[159],"add":[162],"specimens":[165],"existing":[168],"sequentially.":[171],"Our":[172,223],"goal":[173],"reduce":[176],"computational":[178],"cost":[179],"improve":[186],"accuracy":[189,199],"previous":[192],"research.":[193],"We":[194],"evaluated":[195],"method\u2019s":[197],"scalability":[201],"65,494":[203],"specimens.":[206],"results":[208],"showed":[209],"that":[210],"reduced":[213],"computation":[215],"97.52%":[217],"compared":[218],"method.":[222],"achieved":[226],"accuracies":[227],"95.5%":[229],"99.3%":[231],"family":[234],"name":[235],"architecture":[237],"name,":[238],"respectively.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
