{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317515961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238311","title":"Post-Pandemic Follow-Up Audit of Security Checkpoints","display_name":"Post-Pandemic Follow-Up Audit of Security Checkpoints","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317515961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3238311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238311","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10021596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10021596.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070572598","display_name":"Kenneth Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-5509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001921848","display_name":"Leonardo Queiroz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Queiroz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012152274","display_name":"Vlad P. Shmerko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6872-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vlad Shmerko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070404445","display_name":"Kelly W. Sundberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-096X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870124129","display_name":"Mount Royal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04evsam41","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Sundberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Justice, and Policy Studies, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Justice, and Policy Studies, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085946799","display_name":"Svetlana Yanushkevich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-9849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svetlana Yanushkevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-9849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6441,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86147585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"7599","last_page":"7616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13572","display_name":"German Security and Defense Policies","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.7447062134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.684113621711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6171783208847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.537219226360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4382411241531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.42646342515945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.42137765884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.16773644089698792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.7447062134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.684113621711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6171783208847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.537219226360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4382411241531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.42646342515945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42137765884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.16773644089698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3238311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238311","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10021596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:092059dece5e4a3e8e7b794b82fc6856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/092059dece5e4a3e8e7b794b82fc6856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 7599-7616 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3238311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3238311","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10021596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6525171539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"STPGP 521116-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8747529630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NFRF-2021-00277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","funder_display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330045","display_name":"Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense Nationale","ror":"https://ror.org/035rreb34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317515961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317515961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592278124","https://openalex.org/W619061938","https://openalex.org/W1513287795","https://openalex.org/W1690502232","https://openalex.org/W1878853999","https://openalex.org/W1980446154","https://openalex.org/W1998608785","https://openalex.org/W2007776423","https://openalex.org/W2032048761","https://openalex.org/W2037631252","https://openalex.org/W2054710735","https://openalex.org/W2054831469","https://openalex.org/W2055247242","https://openalex.org/W2078304364","https://openalex.org/W2089838285","https://openalex.org/W2105727875","https://openalex.org/W2107678607","https://openalex.org/W2127662031","https://openalex.org/W2129312524","https://openalex.org/W2138194896","https://openalex.org/W2140935050","https://openalex.org/W2149549779","https://openalex.org/W2167400262","https://openalex.org/W2230006126","https://openalex.org/W2239942471","https://openalex.org/W2253830281","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2295331046","https://openalex.org/W2295671286","https://openalex.org/W2402829841","https://openalex.org/W2404503610","https://openalex.org/W2469532945","https://openalex.org/W2486806851","https://openalex.org/W2499995823","https://openalex.org/W2520116135","https://openalex.org/W2525305541","https://openalex.org/W2535727780","https://openalex.org/W2537220339","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2564068158","https://openalex.org/W2570727278","https://openalex.org/W2589519452","https://openalex.org/W2610593195","https://openalex.org/W2738603103","https://openalex.org/W2756142552","https://openalex.org/W2761093973","https://openalex.org/W2761974878","https://openalex.org/W2765711520","https://openalex.org/W2772601103","https://openalex.org/W2791400587","https://openalex.org/W2803992653","https://openalex.org/W2886679265","https://openalex.org/W2902664755","https://openalex.org/W2903186799","https://openalex.org/W2912709421","https://openalex.org/W2914036220","https://openalex.org/W2943906499","https://openalex.org/W2946783737","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2973923600","https://openalex.org/W2981314318","https://openalex.org/W2981575511","https://openalex.org/W2989676862","https://openalex.org/W2990577164","https://openalex.org/W2992254350","https://openalex.org/W2996446229","https://openalex.org/W3014839655","https://openalex.org/W3024585647","https://openalex.org/W3025153755","https://openalex.org/W3025856458","https://openalex.org/W3026454705","https://openalex.org/W3033289070","https://openalex.org/W3033817000","https://openalex.org/W3036422000","https://openalex.org/W3045015561","https://openalex.org/W3047747926","https://openalex.org/W3055272338","https://openalex.org/W3070220677","https://openalex.org/W3088302372","https://openalex.org/W3089882944","https://openalex.org/W3090713708","https://openalex.org/W3091815184","https://openalex.org/W3094209195","https://openalex.org/W3099386849","https://openalex.org/W3107764656","https://openalex.org/W3109940015","https://openalex.org/W3110187945","https://openalex.org/W3111194151","https://openalex.org/W3120120367","https://openalex.org/W3121036322","https://openalex.org/W3128352929","https://openalex.org/W3133709583","https://openalex.org/W3133760384","https://openalex.org/W3134860201","https://openalex.org/W3137696632","https://openalex.org/W3145674800","https://openalex.org/W3157171624","https://openalex.org/W3159752047","https://openalex.org/W3161402421","https://openalex.org/W3164070072","https://openalex.org/W3169246321","https://openalex.org/W3179825554","https://openalex.org/W3187870714","https://openalex.org/W3189595993","https://openalex.org/W3192864012","https://openalex.org/W3193756932","https://openalex.org/W3197719663","https://openalex.org/W3202199074","https://openalex.org/W3211894163","https://openalex.org/W4214653391","https://openalex.org/W4220908375","https://openalex.org/W4221142369","https://openalex.org/W4225339294","https://openalex.org/W4234136487","https://openalex.org/W4288568617","https://openalex.org/W4300808552","https://openalex.org/W4401687889","https://openalex.org/W6630637414","https://openalex.org/W6750998304","https://openalex.org/W6759300381","https://openalex.org/W6784047529","https://openalex.org/W6795639737","https://openalex.org/W6796522245","https://openalex.org/W6800984994","https://openalex.org/W6810166382","https://openalex.org/W6923094812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205698903","https://openalex.org/W4400613637","https://openalex.org/W4294968941","https://openalex.org/W4283819461","https://openalex.org/W4390279739","https://openalex.org/W4205413867","https://openalex.org/W3179695362","https://openalex.org/W4394620624","https://openalex.org/W3177646415","https://openalex.org/W3046517191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,68],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,40,84,114],"follow-up":[4,46,124],"audit":[5,47],"of":[6,29,37,62,87,117],"security":[7],"checkpoints":[8,38,98],"(or":[9],"simply":[10],"checkpoints)":[11],"for":[12,39,97,120],"mass":[13],"transportation":[14],"hubs":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"airports":[18],"and":[19,78,93],"seaports":[20],"aiming":[21],"at":[22],"the":[23,45,51,54,60,73,88,101],"post-pandemic":[24,79,123],"R&D":[25],"adjustments.":[26],"The":[27],"goal":[28],"our":[30],"study":[31,82,116],"is":[32],"to":[33,71,108],"determine":[34],"biometric-enabled":[35],"resources":[36],"counter-epidemic":[41],"response.":[42],"To":[43],"achieve":[44],"goals,":[48],"we":[49,112],"embedded":[50],"checkpoint":[52],"into":[53],"Emergency":[55],"Management":[56],"Cycle":[57],"(EMC)":[58],"\u2013":[59],"core":[61],"any":[63],"doctrine":[64],"that":[65],"challenges":[66],"disaster.":[67],"embedding":[69],"helps":[70],"identify":[72],"technology-societal":[74],"gaps":[75],"between":[76],"contemporary":[77],"checkpoints.":[80],"Our":[81],"advocates":[83],"conceptual":[85],"exploration":[86],"problem":[89],"using":[90],"EMC":[91],"profiling":[92],"formulates":[94],"new":[95],"tasks":[96],"based":[99],"on":[100],"COVID-19":[102],"pandemic":[103],"lessons":[104],"learned.":[105],"In":[106],"order":[107],"increase":[109],"practical":[110],"value,":[111],"chose":[113],"case":[115],"face":[118],"biometrics":[119],"an":[121],"experimental":[122],"audit.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}