{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316660919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3237684","title":"A Hierarchical Control of Supercapacitor and Microsources in Islanded DC Microgrids","display_name":"A Hierarchical Control of Supercapacitor and Microsources in Islanded DC Microgrids","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316660919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3237684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3237684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3237684","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10018372.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10018372.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021681083","display_name":"Farhad Barati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-6694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122764","display_name":"Materials and Energy Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02p3y5t84","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122764"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Barati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-6694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055919936","display_name":"Behzad Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-2406"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["D&#x0026;V Electronics, Woodbridge, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-2406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D&#x0026;V Electronics, Woodbridge, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041923224","display_name":"Ozan Keysan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-7906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozan Keysan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (ODT&#x00DC;-G&#x00DC;NAM), Middle-East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-7906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (ODT&#x00DC;-G&#x00DC;NAM), Middle-East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7642,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9066486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"7056","last_page":"7066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9105707406997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7960010766983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5715650320053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.526226282119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5239115953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercapacitor","display_name":"Supercapacitor","score":0.5220173001289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buck-converter","display_name":"Buck converter","score":0.48389896750450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.43462464213371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38757920265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.358257919549942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23153278231620789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.23029452562332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.2044365108013153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1818998157978058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9105707406997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7960010766983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5715650320053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.526226282119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5239115953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6585489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523","display_name":"Supercapacitor","level":4,"score":0.5220173001289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150818752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83804","display_name":"Buck converter","level":3,"score":0.48389896750450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.43462464213371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38757920265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.358257919549942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23153278231620789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.23029452562332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.2044365108013153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1818998157978058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3237684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3237684","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10018372.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/102510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/102510","pdf_url":"https://open.metu.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11511/102510/index.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402495","display_name":"OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","host_organization_name":"Middle East Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a44fbb3265d646d487a730bbbaf64834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a44fbb3265d646d487a730bbbaf64834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 7056-7066 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3237684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3237684","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10018372.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324703","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316660919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316660919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502160437","https://openalex.org/W2012949724","https://openalex.org/W2055245423","https://openalex.org/W2224613250","https://openalex.org/W2261414238","https://openalex.org/W2261470740","https://openalex.org/W2291191257","https://openalex.org/W2324894204","https://openalex.org/W2494069733","https://openalex.org/W2550282675","https://openalex.org/W2564458219","https://openalex.org/W2611052080","https://openalex.org/W2750546421","https://openalex.org/W2759557499","https://openalex.org/W2771529695","https://openalex.org/W2800376012","https://openalex.org/W2803111077","https://openalex.org/W2885145276","https://openalex.org/W2888870837","https://openalex.org/W2891013384","https://openalex.org/W2895603656","https://openalex.org/W2936597696","https://openalex.org/W2953409334","https://openalex.org/W3019689237","https://openalex.org/W3111982023","https://openalex.org/W3131871623","https://openalex.org/W3200605492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2538454185","https://openalex.org/W1496654594","https://openalex.org/W2898416720","https://openalex.org/W4283741460","https://openalex.org/W2156418595","https://openalex.org/W2920674798","https://openalex.org/W4286247477","https://openalex.org/W4316660919","https://openalex.org/W2107618232","https://openalex.org/W2390243581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,144],"hierarchical":[4],"control":[5,83],"approach":[6,29,118],"for":[7,35,89,127,143,161],"SuperCapacitor":[8],"(SC)":[9],"energy":[10],"storage":[11],"and":[12,24,38,78,156,186],"microsources":[13,50],"in":[14,80,150,189],"islanded":[15,129],"DC":[16,43,49,54,65,113,130,147,176],"microgrids.":[17],"It":[18],"takes":[19],"into":[20],"account":[21],"microsources\u2019":[22,39],"dynamic":[23],"steady-state":[25],"limitations.":[26],"The":[27,72,116,165],"proposed":[28,47,117,173],"relies":[30],"on":[31],"an":[32],"architecture":[33],"presented":[34,160],"the":[36,42,46,53,60,64,68,81,86,93,104,112,162,172,175],"SC\u2019s":[37],"interfaces":[40,62],"with":[41,52,63],"bus.":[44],"In":[45,92],"architecture,":[48],"interface":[51],"bus":[55,66,114,177],"through":[56,67],"buck":[57,70,90,98,106],"converters.":[58,91],"Moreover,":[59,103],"SC":[61],"bi-directional":[69,105],"converter.":[71],"instantaneous":[73],"loads":[74],"currents":[75,88],"are":[76,159],"measured":[77],"employed":[79,126],"secondary":[82],"to":[84,110,136],"calculate":[85],"reference":[87,182],"primary":[94],"control,":[95],"we":[96,140],"run":[97,109],"converters":[99],"as":[100],"current":[101],"sources.":[102],"converter":[107],"is":[108,119,184],"regulate":[111],"voltage.":[115],"generic;":[120],"meaning":[121],"that":[122],"it":[123,142,187],"can":[124],"be":[125],"any":[128],"microgrid.":[131,164],"Without":[132],"loss":[133],"of":[134],"generality,":[135],"prove":[137],"its":[138,181],"effectiveness,":[139],"utilized":[141],"Low":[145],"Voltage":[146],"(LVDC)":[148],"microgrid":[149],"this":[151],"paper.":[152],"Analysis,":[153],"design,":[154],"simulations,":[155],"experimental":[157,166],"verifications":[158],"LVDC":[163],"results":[167],"confirm":[168],"that,":[169],"by":[170],"employing":[171],"approach,":[174],"voltage":[178,183],"deviations":[179],"from":[180],"5%":[185],"restores":[188],"less":[190],"than$1~sec$.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
