{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315778357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3236409","title":"Experimental Evaluation of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Experimental Evaluation of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315778357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3236409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3236409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3236409","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10015720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10015720.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107964901","display_name":"Ricardo Daniel Monteiro Simoes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-0320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Daniel Monteiro Simoes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-0320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044059653","display_name":"Patrick Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-9100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Huber","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091123654","display_name":"Nicola Meier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Meier","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053205432","display_name":"Nikita Smailov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita Smailov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003398081","display_name":"Rudolf Marcel F\u00fcchslin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-5314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137980","display_name":"European Centre for Living Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kesq777","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudolf M. Fuchslin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","European Centre for Living Technology, Venice, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Centre for Living Technology, Venice, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137980"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074825049","display_name":"Kurt Stockinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4034-4812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Stockinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4034-4812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.9436,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98639456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"6197","last_page":"6208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","score":0.8865968585014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7121021747589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.6387236714363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5947123765945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5743275880813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5557008385658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4978482723236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46828100085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43663376569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-sort","display_name":"Quantum sort","score":0.4344763159751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39775198698043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.37732353806495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10189229249954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08512991666793823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779094486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18811578","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","level":4,"score":0.8865968585014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7121021747589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.6387236714363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5947123765945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5743275880813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5557008385658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4978482723236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46828100085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43663376569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62641251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269097","display_name":"Quantum sort","level":5,"score":0.4344763159751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39775198698043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.37732353806495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10189229249954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08512991666793823}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3236409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3236409","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10015720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcollection.zhaw.ch:11475/26784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11475/26784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401810","display_name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","host_organization_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b69a8d377a94a44ad69d5ccb7e8b028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b69a8d377a94a44ad69d5ccb7e8b028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 6197-6208 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3236409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3236409","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10015720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315778357.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315778357.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1990514347","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2254754114","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2580838454","https://openalex.org/W2736592352","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2796293949","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2801908214","https://openalex.org/W2883265831","https://openalex.org/W2945680873","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3007475506","https://openalex.org/W3034064438","https://openalex.org/W3082455048","https://openalex.org/W3101122608","https://openalex.org/W3101427288","https://openalex.org/W3102449671","https://openalex.org/W3102885034","https://openalex.org/W3104396616","https://openalex.org/W3107463944","https://openalex.org/W3126287822","https://openalex.org/W3132743969","https://openalex.org/W3154850693","https://openalex.org/W3169377977","https://openalex.org/W3170385733","https://openalex.org/W3171444157","https://openalex.org/W3173713405","https://openalex.org/W3209612530","https://openalex.org/W3213744715","https://openalex.org/W4200380623","https://openalex.org/W4296555515","https://openalex.org/W6747870088","https://openalex.org/W6753505025","https://openalex.org/W6758657797","https://openalex.org/W6794232156","https://openalex.org/W6842561329","https://openalex.org/W6929331548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121338985","https://openalex.org/W2766195849","https://openalex.org/W2911278742","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W4289534122","https://openalex.org/W1892130226","https://openalex.org/W3182433019","https://openalex.org/W2075026242","https://openalex.org/W4362682022","https://openalex.org/W3184624667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,39,55,70,108],"and":[2,25,88,131,205],"quantum":[3,37,45,57,68,106,127,132,147,155,174,182,185,191,195],"computing":[4],"are":[5,59],"both":[6,23,171],"areas":[7],"with":[8,41,79],"considerable":[9],"progress":[10],"in":[11,73,169],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"The":[14],"combination":[15],"of":[16,36,53,125,146],"these":[17,137],"disciplines":[18],"holds":[19],"great":[20],"promise":[21],"for":[22,112],"research":[24],"practical":[26,116],"applications.":[27],"Recently":[28],"there":[29],"have":[30],"also":[31],"been":[32],"many":[33],"theoretical":[34],"contributions":[35],"machine":[38,54,69,107],"algorithms":[40,71],"experiments":[42,84],"performed":[43],"on":[44,56,139,163,172,179,189,199],"simulators.":[46],"However,":[47],"most":[48,83],"questions":[49],"concerning":[50],"the":[51],"potential":[52],"computers":[58],"still":[60],"unanswered":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63,176,178],"How":[64,75],"well":[65,177],"do":[66,76],"current":[67],"work":[72],"practice?":[74],"they":[77],"compare":[78,97],"classical":[80,161,206],"approaches?":[81],"Moreover,":[82,184],"use":[85],"different":[86,98,141,144],"datasets":[87,142],"hence":[89],"it":[90],"is":[91],"currently":[92],"not":[93],"possible":[94],"to":[95,167,203],"systematically":[96],"approaches.":[99],"In":[100,118],"this":[101],"paper":[102],"we":[103,120],"analyze":[104],"how":[105],"can":[109],"be":[110],"used":[111],"solving":[113],"small,":[114],"yet":[115],"problems.":[117],"particular,":[119],"perform":[121],"an":[122],"experimental":[123,151],"analysis":[124],"kernel-based":[126],"support":[128,156,196],"vector":[129,157,197],"machines":[130,158,198],"neural":[133,186,207],"networks.":[134],"We":[135],"evaluate":[136],"algorithm":[138],"5":[140],"using":[143],"combinations":[145],"feature":[148],"maps.":[149],"Our":[150],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"outperform":[159,194],"their":[160],"counterparts":[162],"average":[164,200],"by":[165,201,209],"3":[166],"4%":[168],"accuracy":[170],"a":[173,180,190],"simulator":[175],"real":[181],"computer.":[183],"networks":[187,208],"executed":[188],"computer":[192],"further":[193],"up":[202],"5%":[204],"7%.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
