{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313555304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234743","title":"STFE-Net: A Spatial-Temporal Feature Extraction Network for Continuous Sign Language Translation","display_name":"STFE-Net: A Spatial-Temporal Feature Extraction Network for Continuous Sign Language Translation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313555304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3234743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10007834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10007834.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055875978","display_name":"Jiwei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-7935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Information Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704143","display_name":"Yunfei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-0058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Information Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019678322","display_name":"Kin\u2010Man Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Man Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electronic and Information Engineering (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084418903","display_name":"Ping Lou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Information Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055875978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8700356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"46204","last_page":"46217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8437919616699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6637541055679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6228200793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu","display_name":"BLEU","score":0.5612950921058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5467792749404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.4907744824886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4381258487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.43286532163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41673150658607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.2918968200683594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8437919616699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6637541055679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6228200793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C622187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773","display_name":"BLEU","level":3,"score":0.5612950921058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5467792749404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.4907744824886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4381258487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.43286532163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41673150658607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.2918968200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3234743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10007834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8df6ad1eecd243c38dc3955e88570fbd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8df6ad1eecd243c38dc3955e88570fbd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 46204-46217 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3234743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10007834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2051562356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"060101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2473921048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020010601012176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870525900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6163091765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6191638538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020010601012176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326713","funder_display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G857193163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52075404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326713","display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313555304.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313555304.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250689755","https://openalex.org/W2516844836","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2743239999","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2799020610","https://openalex.org/W2884418186","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2913845868","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2941814890","https://openalex.org/W2954798773","https://openalex.org/W2958162958","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963488642","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2964253156","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W2986293020","https://openalex.org/W2989156240","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3033370963","https://openalex.org/W3034765865","https://openalex.org/W3110017807","https://openalex.org/W3114337930","https://openalex.org/W3116349579","https://openalex.org/W3126451397","https://openalex.org/W3196485686","https://openalex.org/W4206304985","https://openalex.org/W4295838474","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6691592925","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6761563299","https://openalex.org/W6771626834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1925994383","https://openalex.org/W1489525520","https://openalex.org/W3007507527","https://openalex.org/W2134890441","https://openalex.org/W3000292998","https://openalex.org/W3036355705","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106,178],"main":[1],"challenge":[2],"of":[3,13,83,157],"continuous":[4,138],"sign":[5,85,114,139],"language":[6,115,140],"translation":[7],"(CSLT)":[8],"lies":[9],"in":[10,64],"the":[11,43,50,62,81,84,93,97,113,190,201,212,229],"extraction":[12,27,46,53],"both":[14],"discriminative":[15],"spatial":[16,37,44,107],"features":[17,108],"and":[18,38,49,112,143,176,182,197,200,208],"temporal":[19,39,51],"features.":[20,105],"In":[21,131],"this":[22,132],"paper,":[23,133],"a":[24,134],"spatial-temporal":[25],"feature":[26,45,52],"network":[28,47,54],"(STFE-Net)":[29],"is":[30,90,123],"proposed":[31,165],"for":[32,61,136,145],"CSLT,":[33],"which":[34,122],"optimally":[35],"fuses":[36],"features,":[40],"extracted":[41,109],"by":[42,110,186],"(SFE-Net)":[48],"(TFE-Net),":[55],"respectively.":[56,162],"SFE-Net":[57,111],"performs":[58],"pose":[59,88,99],"estimation":[60,89],"presenters":[63],"sign-language":[65],"videos.":[66],"Based":[67],"on":[68,92,125,170,189,211],"COCO-WholeBody,":[69],"133":[70],"key":[71,77],"points":[72],"are":[73,117,193,204],"abbreviated":[74],"to":[75,80,101,120],"53":[76],"points,":[78],"according":[79],"characteristics":[82],"language.":[86],"High-resolution":[87],"performed":[91],"hands,":[94],"along":[95],"with":[96,127],"whole-body":[98],"estimation,":[100],"obtain":[102],"finer-grained":[103],"hand":[104],"words":[116],"then":[118],"fed":[119],"TFE-Net,":[121],"based":[124],"Transformer":[126],"relative":[128],"position":[129],"encoding.":[130],"dataset":[135,192],"Chinese":[137],"was":[141,167],"created":[142],"used":[144],"evaluation.":[146],"STFE-Net":[147,166],"achieves":[148],"Bilingual":[149],"Evaluation":[150],"Understudy":[151],"(BLEU-1,":[152],"BLEU-2,":[153,180],"BLEU-3,":[154],"BLEU-4)":[155],"scores":[156,184,203],"77.59,":[158],"75.62,":[159],"74.25,":[160],"72.14,":[161],"Furthermore,":[163],"our":[164,187,219],"also":[168],"evaluated":[169],"two":[171],"public":[172],"datasets,":[173],"RWTH-Phoenix-Weather":[174],"2014T":[175],"CLS.":[177],"BLEU-1,":[179],"BLEU-3":[181],"BLEU-4":[183],"achieved":[185],"method":[188],"former":[191],"48.22,":[194],"33.59,":[195],"26.41":[196],"22.45,":[198],"respectively,":[199,210],"corresponding":[202],"61.54,":[205],"58.76,":[206],"57.93":[207],"57.52,":[209],"latter":[213],"dataset.":[214],"Experiment":[215],"results":[216],"show":[217],"that":[218],"model":[220],"can":[221],"achieve":[222],"promising":[223],"performance.":[224],"If":[225],"any":[226],"reader":[227],"needs":[228],"code":[230],"or":[231],"dataset,":[232],"please":[233],"email":[234],"lunfee@whut.edu.cn.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}