{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313555291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234621","title":"Voltage Reference With Corner-Aware Replica Selection/Merging for 1.4-mV Accuracy in Harvested Systems Down to 3.9 pW, 0.2 V","display_name":"Voltage Reference With Corner-Aware Replica Selection/Merging for 1.4-mV Accuracy in Harvested Systems Down to 3.9 pW, 0.2 V","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313555291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3234621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234621","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10007824.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10007824.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027207316","display_name":"Luigi Fassio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-4444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Fassio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021091015","display_name":"Longyang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-737X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longyang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002197998","display_name":"Raffaele De Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele De Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016654766","display_name":"Marco Lanuzza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-9218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Lanuzza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086668405","display_name":"Felice Crupi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felice Crupi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052037141","display_name":"Massimo Alioto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Alioto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027207316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9093,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72681429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"3584","last_page":"3596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replica","display_name":"Replica","score":0.6077845692634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4450068175792694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.4440479278564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.44209614396095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.44064861536026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4160364866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4129330515861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38190168142318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34130460023880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.33092206716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2954024076461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23717230558395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.2336839735507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21832334995269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20421555638313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2037542760372162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775937380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232589","display_name":"Replica","level":2,"score":0.6077845692634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4450068175792694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.4440479278564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.44209614396095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.44064861536026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4160364866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4129330515861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38190168142318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34130460023880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33092206716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2954024076461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23717230558395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2336839735507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21832334995269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20421555638313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2037542760372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3234621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234621","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10007824.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/237225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/237225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:50f51ca33ec34dc4ada87b278f936d5a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/50f51ca33ec34dc4ada87b278f936d5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 3584-3596 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3234621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3234621","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10007824.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1319156683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE2019-T2-2 189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313555291.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313555291.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965284924","https://openalex.org/W1973745339","https://openalex.org/W1982288276","https://openalex.org/W1984863066","https://openalex.org/W2047344047","https://openalex.org/W2063559373","https://openalex.org/W2146031070","https://openalex.org/W2146324717","https://openalex.org/W2159904735","https://openalex.org/W2357026499","https://openalex.org/W2410179789","https://openalex.org/W2509281929","https://openalex.org/W2527089532","https://openalex.org/W2580425382","https://openalex.org/W2584442328","https://openalex.org/W2592861018","https://openalex.org/W2592907901","https://openalex.org/W2593074029","https://openalex.org/W2763794291","https://openalex.org/W2770608028","https://openalex.org/W2909786483","https://openalex.org/W2921427074","https://openalex.org/W2921971922","https://openalex.org/W2948149709","https://openalex.org/W2965577611","https://openalex.org/W2966714669","https://openalex.org/W2978954010","https://openalex.org/W2997796828","https://openalex.org/W3016196356","https://openalex.org/W3048543522","https://openalex.org/W3094010898","https://openalex.org/W3094371818","https://openalex.org/W3134154510","https://openalex.org/W3166142422","https://openalex.org/W3172055360","https://openalex.org/W3210180713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013979739","https://openalex.org/W2655578171","https://openalex.org/W2577913821","https://openalex.org/W2460131733","https://openalex.org/W2953070151","https://openalex.org/W4296976839","https://openalex.org/W2372946558","https://openalex.org/W3126044086","https://openalex.org/W4394646256","https://openalex.org/W4236952075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2,40],"a":[3,97],"voltage":[4,14,76,188,202],"reference":[5,187],"design":[6,70],"able":[7],"to":[8,20,112,130,221,238],"operate":[9],"over":[10],"the":[11,28,36,53,67,74,186,222],"wide":[12],"supply":[13],"range":[15],"from":[16,104],"1.8":[17],"V":[18,114],"down":[19,111],"0.2":[21,113],"V,":[22],"and":[23,162,191,206,227],"pW":[24],"power.":[25],"To":[26],"mitigate":[27],"effect":[29],"of":[30,44,96,185],"global":[31],"variations":[32],"(e.g.,":[33],"die-to-die,":[34],"wafer-to-wafer),":[35],"proposed":[37,123],"NMOS-only":[38],"architecture":[39],"process":[41,59,90,124,139,177],"sensor-driven":[42,125],"selection/merging":[43],"circuit":[45,54],"replicas":[46,55],"at":[47,119],"boot":[48],"(or":[49],"run)":[50],"time.":[51],"Being":[52],"optimized":[56],"for":[57,92],"different":[58,105],"corners,":[60],"their":[61],"selection":[62,127],"or":[63,87],"merging":[64],"fundamentally":[65],"relaxes":[66],"traditionally":[68],"conflicting":[69],"tradeoffs":[71],"that":[72],"affect":[73],"overall":[75,182],"accuracy":[77,184],"in":[78],"deep":[79],"sub-threshold,":[80],"while":[81],"not":[82],"requiring":[83],"any":[84],"testing-time":[85],"trimming":[86],"non-volatile":[88],"memory":[89],"option":[91],"low-cost":[93],"applications.":[94],"Measurements":[95],"180-nm":[98],"test":[99],"chip":[100],"across":[101,176,189],"45":[102],"dice":[103,190],"corner":[106,192],"wafers":[107,193],"demonstrate":[108],"reliable":[109],"operation":[110],"with":[115,241],"3.9-pW":[116],"power":[117],"consumption":[118],"room":[120],"temperature.":[121],"The":[122,179],"replica":[126,225],"is":[128,210],"shown":[129],"enable":[131],"1.6%":[132],"<inline-formula":[133,142,150,164,195,213,230],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[134,143,151,165,196,214,231],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[135,144,152,166,197,215,232],"<tex-math":[136,145,153,167,198,216,233],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$V_{REF}$":[137],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[138,147,157,170,200,219,236],"sensitivity":[140,175],"(i.e.,":[141],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\sigma/\\mu)$":[146],",":[148],"34.9-":[149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[154,168],"\\text{V}/^{\\circ":[155],"}\\text{C}$":[156],"(819-ppm/\u00b0C)":[158],"mean":[159,173],"temperature":[160,207],"coefficient,":[161],"60.7-":[163],"\\text{V}$":[169],"/V":[171],"(0.14-%/V)":[172],"line":[174],"corners.":[178],"resulting":[180],"1.4-mV":[181],"absolute":[183],"(1-":[194],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\sigma$":[199],"),":[201],"fluctuations":[203],"(0.3":[204],"V)":[205],"deviation":[208],"(20\u00b0C)":[209],"improved":[211],"by":[212,228],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.9\\times":[217],"$":[218,235],"compared":[220,237],"case":[223],"without":[224],"selection,":[226],"3-":[229],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$15.4\\times":[234],"prior":[239],"references":[240],"sub-nW":[242],"consumption.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}