{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313477864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233775","title":"Transfer Learning Approach to IDS on Cloud IoT Devices Using Optimized CNN","display_name":"Transfer Learning Approach to IDS on Cloud IoT Devices Using Optimized CNN","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313477864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233775","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004922.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004922.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058982389","display_name":"Ogobuchi Daniel Okey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0686-2763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315085146","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Lavras","ror":"https://ror.org/0122bmm03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ogobuchi Daniel Okey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Systems Engineering and Automation Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0686-2763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Systems Engineering and Automation Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083003965","display_name":"Dick Carrillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dick Carrillo Melgarejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta&#x2013;Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta&#x2013;Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035372534","display_name":"Muhammad Saadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-7435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192392021","display_name":"University of Central Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/04g0mqe67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054066072","display_name":"Renata Lopes Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315085146","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Lavras","ror":"https://ror.org/0122bmm03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renata Lopes Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027363290","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Henrique Kleinschmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-455X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Henrique Kleinschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr&#x00E9;, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr&#x00E9;, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063050171","display_name":"Dem\u00f3stenes Zegarra Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315085146","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Lavras","ror":"https://ror.org/0122bmm03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demostenes Zegarra Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-7551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.6305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99518936,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1023","last_page":"1038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8835821151733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6647953987121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6178358197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5619842410087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5137358903884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.509980320930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46605050563812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4549223780632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40162134170532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10800206661224365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8835821151733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6647953987121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6178358197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5619842410087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5137358903884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.509980320930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46605050563812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4549223780632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40162134170532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10800206661224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233775","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004922.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4bdde5eafbe4013a744a2cbfc6f5f32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4bdde5eafbe4013a744a2cbfc6f5f32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 1023-1038 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233775","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004922.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4843039333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"404764/2021-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306958","display_name":"Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/04edgdk70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322369","display_name":"Lappeenranta University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313477864.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313477864.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1811726082","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2048886892","https://openalex.org/W2082950384","https://openalex.org/W2083533476","https://openalex.org/W2097798345","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2139836766","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2164943005","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2595409962","https://openalex.org/W2622554204","https://openalex.org/W2741799030","https://openalex.org/W2766315530","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2883098359","https://openalex.org/W2896252239","https://openalex.org/W2904576715","https://openalex.org/W2926701059","https://openalex.org/W2951544399","https://openalex.org/W2952066300","https://openalex.org/W2960952165","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2971489520","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W2999783106","https://openalex.org/W3003685271","https://openalex.org/W3042715689","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3089739557","https://openalex.org/W3100989807","https://openalex.org/W3121972055","https://openalex.org/W3128708983","https://openalex.org/W3129273143","https://openalex.org/W3137750955","https://openalex.org/W3145444543","https://openalex.org/W3158327770","https://openalex.org/W3164321464","https://openalex.org/W3166160117","https://openalex.org/W3170348203","https://openalex.org/W3204428963","https://openalex.org/W3212614933","https://openalex.org/W3215646047","https://openalex.org/W4200376983","https://openalex.org/W4205413245","https://openalex.org/W4220922367","https://openalex.org/W4224331011","https://openalex.org/W4241348844","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4298110865","https://openalex.org/W4298168912","https://openalex.org/W6637572315","https://openalex.org/W6638214256","https://openalex.org/W6677088747","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6749290080","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6765459293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3183901164","https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"centralization":[1],"can":[2],"potentially":[3],"increase":[4],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,35,176,260],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"usage.":[9],"The":[10],"trend":[11],"is":[12,268],"to":[13,17,77,95,102,154,199,245,252,274],"move":[14],"IoT":[15,47,55,105,279],"devices":[16],"a":[18,26,32,69,121],"centralized":[19],"server":[20],"with":[21],"higher":[22],"memory":[23],"capacity":[24],"and":[25,53,63,86,110,152,161,174,195,237,249,271],"more":[27,42,49],"robust":[28],"management":[29],"interface.":[30],"Hence,":[31],"larger":[33],"volume":[34],"data":[36],"will":[37],"be":[38,275],"transmitted,":[39],"resulting":[40],"in":[41,81,227,233,277],"network":[43,65,72,84,97],"security":[44],"issues.":[45],"Cloud":[46],"offers":[48],"advantages":[50],"for":[51,183,281],"deploying":[52],"managing":[54],"systems":[56,100,280],"through":[57],"minimizing":[58],"response":[59],"delays,":[60],"optimal":[61],"latency,":[62],"effective":[64],"load":[66],"distribution.":[67],"As":[68],"result,":[70],"sophisticated":[71],"attack":[73],"strategies":[74],"are":[75,197],"deployed":[76,276],"leverage":[78],"the":[79,82,103,127,164,177,184,211,217,221,253],"vulnerabilities":[80],"extensive":[83],"space":[85],"exploit":[87],"user":[88],"information.":[89],"Several":[90],"attempts":[91],"have":[92],"been":[93],"made":[94],"provide":[96],"intrusion":[98,282],"detection":[99],"(IDS)":[101],"cloud":[104,278],"interface":[106],"using":[107,187,210],"machine":[108],"learning":[109,112,123,208],"deep":[111],"approaches":[113],"on":[114,126,138,156],"dedicated":[115],"IDS":[116,124],"datasets.":[117],"This":[118],"paper":[119],"proposes":[120],"transfer":[122,207],"based":[125],"Convolutional":[128],"Neural":[129],"Network":[130],"(CNN)":[131],"architecture":[132,186],"that":[133,220],"has":[134],"shown":[135],"excellent":[136],"results":[137],"image":[139],"classification.":[140],"We":[141,239],"use":[142,240],"five":[143],"pre-trained":[144],"CNN":[145,185],"models,":[146],"including":[147],"VGG16,":[148],"VGG19,":[149],"Inception,":[150],"MobileNet,":[151],"EfficientNets,":[153],"train":[155],"two":[157],"selected":[158,198],"datasets:":[159],"CIC-IDS2017":[160],"CSE-CICIDS2018.":[162],"Before":[163],"training,":[165],"we":[166],"carry":[167],"out":[168],"preprocessing,":[169],"imbalance":[170],"treatment,":[171],"dimensionality":[172],"reduction,":[173],"conversion":[175],"feature":[178],"vector":[179],"into":[180],"images":[181],"suitable":[182],"Quantile":[188],"Transformer.":[189],"Three":[190],"best-performing":[191],"models":[192],"(InceptionV3,":[193],"MobileNetV3Small,":[194],"EfficientNetV2B0)":[196],"develop":[200],"an":[201,257],"ensemble":[202,206],"model":[203,212,267],"called":[204],"efficient-lightweight":[205],"(ELETL-IDS)":[209],"averaging":[213],"approach.":[214],"On":[215],"evaluation,":[216],"findings":[218],"show":[219],"ELETL-IDS":[222],"outperformed":[223],"existing":[224],"state-of-the-art":[225],"proposals":[226],"all":[228],"evaluation":[229],"metrics,":[230],"reaching":[231],"100%":[232],"accuracy,":[234],"precision,":[235],"recall,":[236],"F-score.":[238],"Matthew\u2019s":[241],"Correlation":[242],"Coefficient":[243],"(MCC)":[244],"validate":[246],"this":[247,263],"result":[248],"compared":[250],"it":[251],"AUC-ROC,":[254],"which":[255],"maintained":[256],"exact":[258],"value":[259],"0.9996.":[261],"To":[262],"end,":[264],"our":[265],"proposed":[266],"lightweight,":[269],"efficient,":[270],"reliable":[272],"enough":[273],"detection.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
