{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313306308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233386","title":"Analysis and Modeling of Axial Leakage for Spoke-Type Hybrid Permanent Magnet Machines","display_name":"Analysis and Modeling of Axial Leakage for Spoke-Type Hybrid Permanent Magnet Machines","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313306308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233386","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004586.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004586.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025010414","display_name":"Chang\u2010Hoon Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Hoon Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113290962","display_name":"Seung-Young Yoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Young Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","Advanced Mechatronics Research and Development Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mechatronics Research and Development Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052618279","display_name":"Hong Soon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-6101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Soon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413524","display_name":"Ho-Young Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ho-Young Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Mechatronics Research and Development Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mechatronics Research and Development Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034353626","display_name":"Jang-Ho Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-5706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jangho Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025010414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71917584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"6385","last_page":"6393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.9047761559486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.8082530498504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.7208991050720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.566684901714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.5569307804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-circuit","display_name":"Magnetic circuit","score":0.5440860986709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.4502531588077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4198521375656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-motor","display_name":"Synchronous motor","score":0.41672295331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4070555567741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.39833444356918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38260114192962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.38259753584861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3779069781303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3534125089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3429318368434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26556897163391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2641564607620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24469810724258423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.9047761559486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.8082530498504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.7208991050720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.566684901714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5569307804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24214142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118801","display_name":"Magnetic circuit","level":3,"score":0.5440860986709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.4502531588077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4198521375656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Synchronous motor","level":2,"score":0.41672295331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4070555567741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.39833444356918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38260114192962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.38259753584861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3779069781303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3534125089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3429318368434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26556897163391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2641564607620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24469810724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233386","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004586.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:793eddbc333a4a24bb5badf63f587fb0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/793eddbc333a4a24bb5badf63f587fb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 6385-6393 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233386","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10004586.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3796813102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20016807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","funder_display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992484961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9cwa38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313306308.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313306308.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509774072","https://openalex.org/W1902891651","https://openalex.org/W2024918515","https://openalex.org/W2053575991","https://openalex.org/W2054808429","https://openalex.org/W2134849986","https://openalex.org/W2145508082","https://openalex.org/W2150837937","https://openalex.org/W2320138722","https://openalex.org/W2343293391","https://openalex.org/W2565324887","https://openalex.org/W2584763440","https://openalex.org/W2746073825","https://openalex.org/W2771570149","https://openalex.org/W2794354324","https://openalex.org/W2905446923","https://openalex.org/W2959375935","https://openalex.org/W2998737129","https://openalex.org/W2999317806","https://openalex.org/W3010360766","https://openalex.org/W3017025011","https://openalex.org/W3017737660","https://openalex.org/W3036225689","https://openalex.org/W3182450598","https://openalex.org/W3183336217","https://openalex.org/W4241319083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383333701","https://openalex.org/W2227486935","https://openalex.org/W2502560395","https://openalex.org/W2012944085","https://openalex.org/W2120417348","https://openalex.org/W2187927262","https://openalex.org/W2993285375","https://openalex.org/W2370594352","https://openalex.org/W2045234003","https://openalex.org/W2066206943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3,100],"propose":[4],"a":[5,10,29,102],"novel":[6],"analysis":[7,77,85,117],"method":[8,105,149],"for":[9],"spoke-type":[11],"permanent":[12],"magnet":[13,164],"(PM)":[14],"synchronous":[15],"motor":[16,96],"(PMSM)":[17],"using":[18,28,87,139,162],"two":[19,163],"types":[20],"of":[21,40,94,146],"PMs":[22,52,138],"that":[23],"consider":[24],"axial":[25,65,130],"leakage":[26,132],"flux":[27,61,127,131],"magnetic":[30,42,60,126],"equivalent":[31,119],"circuit":[32],"(MEC).":[33],"Spoke-type":[34],"ferrite":[35],"PMSM":[36],"have":[37],"the":[38,47,51,56,64,71,90,95,111,123,147,159],"advantage":[39],"concentrating":[41],"flux;":[43],"however":[44],"owing":[45],"to":[46,109,120,135],"shape":[48],"in":[49,63,89],"which":[50,67],"are":[53],"arranged":[54],"along":[55],"radial":[57],"direction,":[58,66],"some":[59],"leaks":[62],"causes":[68],"inconsistency":[69],"between":[70],"2D":[72,136,142],"and":[73,141,155],"3D":[74,81,121,153],"finite":[75],"element":[76],"(FEA)":[78],"results.":[79],"Because":[80],"FEA":[82,137,154],"requires":[83],"considerable":[84],"time,":[86],"it":[88],"initial":[91],"design":[92],"stage":[93],"is":[97],"inefficient.":[98],"Therefore,":[99],"present":[101],"new":[103,124],"analytical":[104],"combined":[106],"with":[107],"MEC":[108,140],"overcome":[110],"existing":[112],"inefficient":[113],"approach.":[114],"To":[115],"obtain":[116],"results":[118],"FEA,":[122],"residual":[125],"density":[128],"considering":[129],"was":[133,150],"applied":[134],"FEA.":[143],"The":[144],"validity":[145],"proposed":[148],"verified":[151],"through":[152],"experiments":[156],"conducted":[157],"on":[158],"test":[160],"models":[161],"types.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}