{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169139589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233104","title":"Self-Supervised Feature Enhancement: Applying Internal Pretext Task to Supervised Learning","display_name":"Self-Supervised Feature Enhancement: Applying Internal Pretext Task to Supervised Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169139589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233104","mag":"3169139589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233104","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10003201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10003201.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054720143","display_name":"Tianshu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-8855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-8855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686","https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054557244","display_name":"Yuhang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020868907","display_name":"Zilin Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-2466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilin Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010555261","display_name":"Xuan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-6179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413293","display_name":"Xiaomin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-7459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102740182","display_name":"Haigang Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haigang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-4142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347765","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-1728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-1728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48345687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1708","last_page":"1717"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pretext","display_name":"Pretext","score":0.8675004839897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7360879778862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6632698774337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6093471050262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5724891424179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4801182746887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41494888067245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37361958622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08010068535804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.07467487454414368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779627259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779763","display_name":"Pretext","level":3,"score":0.8675004839897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7360879778862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6632698774337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6093471050262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5724891424179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4801182746887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41494888067245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37361958622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08010068535804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.07467487454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233104","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10003201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.04921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04921","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.04921","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9c7111f594347e39c381f1feb392e38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9c7111f594347e39c381f1feb392e38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 1708-1717 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.04921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2106.04921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3233104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3233104","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10003201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6366973398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2021YGLH213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323292","funder_display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7015548535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2022YGRH016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323292","funder_display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7150359735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LGF22G010009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323292","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169139589.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169139589.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343636949","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2116435618","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2487442924","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2785325870","https://openalex.org/W2888101838","https://openalex.org/W2903739847","https://openalex.org/W2946856970","https://openalex.org/W2953327099","https://openalex.org/W2962971773","https://openalex.org/W2963399829","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963826423","https://openalex.org/W2964037671","https://openalex.org/W2964060161","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2981952041","https://openalex.org/W2987861506","https://openalex.org/W2997540646","https://openalex.org/W3034337759","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3141858217","https://openalex.org/W4285599893","https://openalex.org/W4288093001","https://openalex.org/W4308909683","https://openalex.org/W4309845474","https://openalex.org/W6677326919","https://openalex.org/W6743428213","https://openalex.org/W6747899497","https://openalex.org/W6779702771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W161456234","https://openalex.org/W3123043866","https://openalex.org/W2765162471","https://openalex.org/W2367130511","https://openalex.org/W2518241345","https://openalex.org/W4390062853","https://openalex.org/W4389256085","https://openalex.org/W4399290976","https://openalex.org/W4285328440","https://openalex.org/W4313644201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"self-supervised":[1,43,100],"learning":[2],"requires":[3],"convolutional":[4],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"(CNNs)":[7],"using":[8],"external":[9],"pretext":[10,47,80],"tasks":[11],"(i.e.,":[12],"image-":[13],"or":[14],"video-based":[15],"tasks)":[16],"to":[17,40,82,90,121,160],"encode":[18],"high-level":[19],"semantic":[20],"visual":[21],"representations.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,63,108,144],"show":[27,128],"that":[28,129,143],"feature":[29,68,124],"transformations":[30],"within":[31],"CNNs":[32,87,110],"can":[33,53,153],"also":[34,154],"be":[35,54,155],"regarded":[36],"as":[37],"supervisory":[38],"signals":[39],"construct":[41],"the":[42,57,66,84,92,97,119],"task,":[44],"called":[45],"internal":[46,67,79],"task.":[48],"And":[49,139],"such":[50],"a":[51],"task":[52,81],"applied":[55],"for":[56],"enhancement":[58],"of":[59,99],"supervised":[60],"learning.":[61],"Specifically,":[62],"first":[64],"transform":[65],"maps":[69],"by":[70,96],"discarding":[71],"different":[72],"channels,":[73],"and":[74,102,137],"then":[75],"define":[76],"an":[77],"additional":[78],"identify":[83],"discarded":[85],"channels.":[86],"are":[88,114],"trained":[89],"predict":[91],"joint":[93],"labels":[94,101],"generated":[95],"combination":[98],"original":[103],"labels.":[104],"By":[105],"doing":[106],"so,":[107],"let":[109],"know":[111],"which":[112],"channels":[113],"missing":[115],"while":[116],"classifying":[117],"in":[118],"hope":[120],"mine":[122],"richer":[123],"information.":[125],"Extensive":[126],"experiments":[127],"our":[130,151],"approach":[131,152],"is":[132],"effective":[133],"on":[134],"various":[135],"models":[136],"datasets.":[138],"it\u2019s":[140],"worth":[141],"noting":[142],"only":[145],"incur":[146],"negligible":[147],"computational":[148],"overhead.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"compatible":[156],"with":[157],"other":[158],"methods":[159],"get":[161],"better":[162],"results.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}