{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313591120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232855","title":"A Survey on Machine Learning Techniques for Massive MIMO Configurations: Application Areas, Performance Limitations and Future Challenges","display_name":"A Survey on Machine Learning Techniques for Massive MIMO Configurations: Application Areas, Performance Limitations and Future Challenges","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313591120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3232855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232855","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10002368.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10002368.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015078439","display_name":"Panagiotis K. Gkonis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-1044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis K. Gkonis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Industry Technologies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sterea Ellada, Dirfies Messapies, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-1044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Industry Technologies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sterea Ellada, Dirfies Messapies, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015078439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.6006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93704066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.802876353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6465933322906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-broadband","display_name":"Mobile broadband","score":0.49953413009643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4979565143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.48438817262649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.48149263858795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4498879909515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43269768357276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4272882044315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-interface","display_name":"Air interface","score":0.421896755695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband-networks","display_name":"Broadband networks","score":0.41672271490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.402737557888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.38886526226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24808382987976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.24737650156021118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.802876353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6465933322906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.49953413009643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4979565143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.48438817262649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.48149263858795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4498879909515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43269768357276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4272882044315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455112","display_name":"Air interface","level":3,"score":0.421896755695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125599584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15057100","display_name":"Broadband networks","level":3,"score":0.41672271490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.402737557888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.38886526226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24808382987976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.24737650156021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3232855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232855","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10002368.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89746fcbb3eb4bce82171a5fab6b23d1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89746fcbb3eb4bce82171a5fab6b23d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 67-88 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3232855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232855","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10002368.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313591120.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313591120.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":128,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1969289004","https://openalex.org/W1974849590","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2762414772","https://openalex.org/W2763937804","https://openalex.org/W2783618211","https://openalex.org/W2796919480","https://openalex.org/W2807133510","https://openalex.org/W2885458860","https://openalex.org/W2895051796","https://openalex.org/W2898334231","https://openalex.org/W2905819891","https://openalex.org/W2921187277","https://openalex.org/W2947900296","https://openalex.org/W2957535055","https://openalex.org/W2958808855","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963035503","https://openalex.org/W2963051651","https://openalex.org/W2963217863","https://openalex.org/W2963684102","https://openalex.org/W2964133168","https://openalex.org/W2966338721","https://openalex.org/W2966932878","https://openalex.org/W2967981090","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2970195506","https://openalex.org/W2977589967","https://openalex.org/W2988592481","https://openalex.org/W2997633914","https://openalex.org/W3002576867","https://openalex.org/W3003686880","https://openalex.org/W3004116256","https://openalex.org/W3004503774","https://openalex.org/W3010384738","https://openalex.org/W3010606641","https://openalex.org/W3011686672","https://openalex.org/W3014787243","https://openalex.org/W3017297985","https://openalex.org/W3018555681","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3023723329","https://openalex.org/W3030516277","https://openalex.org/W3031023929","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3035307322","https://openalex.org/W3036120604","https://openalex.org/W3040368914","https://openalex.org/W3044530764","https://openalex.org/W3044890371","https://openalex.org/W3045669964","https://openalex.org/W3046015132","https://openalex.org/W3046957563","https://openalex.org/W3048535702","https://openalex.org/W3086476503","https://openalex.org/W3089389858","https://openalex.org/W3093423753","https://openalex.org/W3094318251","https://openalex.org/W3094786991","https://openalex.org/W3098060190","https://openalex.org/W3100049902","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3102619857","https://openalex.org/W3102962172","https://openalex.org/W3105487862","https://openalex.org/W3112193013","https://openalex.org/W3112485184","https://openalex.org/W3118272019","https://openalex.org/W3119434305","https://openalex.org/W3125562903","https://openalex.org/W3126184779","https://openalex.org/W3126373016","https://openalex.org/W3126692430","https://openalex.org/W3132544971","https://openalex.org/W3135859249","https://openalex.org/W3140676162","https://openalex.org/W3142749779","https://openalex.org/W3153590903","https://openalex.org/W3155837749","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3161209009","https://openalex.org/W3161781307","https://openalex.org/W3162996485","https://openalex.org/W3163179915","https://openalex.org/W3163695417","https://openalex.org/W3163787681","https://openalex.org/W3167225635","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3184140944","https://openalex.org/W3191988080","https://openalex.org/W3192232214","https://openalex.org/W3193507375","https://openalex.org/W3193952356","https://openalex.org/W3196709551","https://openalex.org/W3196965143","https://openalex.org/W3200079078","https://openalex.org/W3200113042","https://openalex.org/W3200495438","https://openalex.org/W3200731461","https://openalex.org/W3203573643","https://openalex.org/W3209291320","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W3209752572","https://openalex.org/W3210015896","https://openalex.org/W3211742690","https://openalex.org/W3215888462","https://openalex.org/W3216004325","https://openalex.org/W3216108359","https://openalex.org/W4200225269","https://openalex.org/W4200387870","https://openalex.org/W4200429847","https://openalex.org/W4200535800","https://openalex.org/W4205212596","https://openalex.org/W4205673272","https://openalex.org/W4206283975","https://openalex.org/W4206681959","https://openalex.org/W4220868051","https://openalex.org/W4226365904","https://openalex.org/W4226416375","https://openalex.org/W4285223123","https://openalex.org/W4285300736","https://openalex.org/W4288391537","https://openalex.org/W4289656180","https://openalex.org/W4289913043","https://openalex.org/W4293193359","https://openalex.org/W4293499356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165983006","https://openalex.org/W1573616813","https://openalex.org/W4205860282","https://openalex.org/W2986629030","https://openalex.org/W2944261693","https://openalex.org/W4283642719","https://openalex.org/W2116060952","https://openalex.org/W2256220590","https://openalex.org/W2099679882","https://openalex.org/W2088269719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"deployment":[1,266],"of":[2,13,41,61,79,84,117,148,187,206,209,215,254,267,288,316],"fifth-generation":[3],"(5G)":[4],"broadband":[5,22],"wireless":[6],"cellular":[7],"networks":[8],"has":[9,47],"enabled":[10],"the":[11,18,25,39,80,137,143,146,160,185,195,202,224,234,251,261,265,280,314,329,334],"support":[12,51],"highly":[14,53],"demanding":[15],"applications,":[16],"paving":[17],"way":[19],"towards":[20],"global":[21],"connectivity.":[23],"In":[24,218,248],"same":[26,335],"context,":[27,250],"related":[28,42,275],"advances":[29],"in":[30,52,100,104,164,194,264,270,309,313,333],"network":[31,35,66,120],"infrastructure,":[32],"such":[33,109,183],"as":[34,181,184,199,201,237,344],"function":[36],"virtualization":[37],"via":[38],"decoupling":[40],"functionalities":[43],"from":[44],"hardware":[45,169],"equipment":[46],"leveraged":[48],"end-to-end":[49],"service":[50,62,210],"heterogeneous":[54],"environments.":[55],"To":[56,319],"this":[57,249,255,278,320],"end,":[58,321],"uninterrupted":[59],"provision":[60,205],"necessitates":[63],"a":[64,101,105,110,212,238],"holistic":[65],"redesign":[67],"where":[68],"access":[69],"points":[70],"(APs)":[71],"should":[72,176],"be":[73,177],"placed":[74],"and":[75,141,170,297,306,339],"configured":[76],"dynamically.":[77],"One":[78],"key":[81],"supporting":[82],"technologies":[83,193],"5G":[85,196],"communications":[86],"are":[87,325,342],"massive":[88],"multiple":[89,91,311],"input":[90],"output":[92],"(m-MIMO)":[93],"configurations,":[94,303],"deployed":[95,150],"over":[96,233],"various":[97],"APs,":[98],"either":[99],"centralized":[102],"or":[103],"distributed":[106,302],"manner.":[107],"However,":[108],"configuration":[111],"would":[112],"pose":[113],"an":[114,165,219],"additional":[115,174],"degree":[116],"complexity":[118],"during":[119],"planning,":[121],"since":[122],"on":[123,142],"one":[124],"hand":[125,145],"accurate":[126],"channel":[127,293],"estimation":[128],"for":[129,204],"all":[130,286,322],"potential":[131,337],"links":[132],"is":[133,154,258,279],"limited":[134,156],"due":[135],"to":[136,159,167,211,221,259,284,328],"pilot":[138],"contamination":[139],"effect,":[140],"other":[144,191,274],"number":[147,214],"actually":[149],"radio":[151],"frequency":[152],"chains":[153],"again":[155],"when":[157],"compared":[158],"fully":[161],"digital":[162],"approach,":[163],"effort":[166,220],"relax":[168],"computational":[171],"burden.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"issues":[175],"taken":[178],"into":[179],"consideration":[180],"well,":[182],"coexistence":[186],"m-MIMO":[188,271,289],"configurations":[189],"with":[190,223,244],"novel":[192],"air":[197],"interface":[198],"well":[200],"need":[203],"acceptable":[207],"quality":[208],"large":[213],"mobile":[216],"users.":[217],"deal":[222,243],"aforementioned":[225],"issues,":[226],"machine":[227],"learning":[228],"(ML)":[229],"algorithms":[230],"have":[231],"emerged":[232],"last":[235],"decade":[236],"promising":[239],"solution":[240],"that":[241],"can":[242],"complex":[245],"optimization":[246],"problems.":[247],"main":[252],"goal":[253],"survey":[256,276],"paper":[257],"present":[260],"state-of-the-art":[262],"approaches":[263],"ML":[268],"methods":[269],"configurations.":[272],"Unlike":[273],"papers,":[277],"first":[281],"scientific":[282],"attempt":[283],"cover":[285],"aspects":[287],"practical":[290],"implementations":[291],"(i.e.,":[292],"estimation,":[294],"MIMO":[295],"precoding":[296],"signal":[298],"detection,":[299],"hybrid":[300],"beamforming,":[301],"user":[304],"pairing":[305],"power":[307],"allocation":[308],"non-orthogonal":[310],"access),":[312],"context":[315,336],"ML-aided":[317],"calculations.":[318],"presented":[323],"works":[324],"categorized":[326],"according":[327],"studied":[330],"aspect,":[331],"while":[332],"limitations":[338],"future":[340],"challenges":[341],"highlighted":[343],"well.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}