{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312771025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232064","title":"NeuroSCA: Evolving Activation Functions for Side-Channel Analysis","display_name":"NeuroSCA: Evolving Activation Functions for Side-Channel Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312771025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3232064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232064","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09998512.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09998512.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004334281","display_name":"Karlo Kne\u017eevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karlo Knezevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058754510","display_name":"Juraj Fulir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-5978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juraj Fulir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029689278","display_name":"Domagoj Jakobovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-2994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domagoj Jakobovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-2994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024072796","display_name":"Stjepan Picek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stjepan Picek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027293846","display_name":"Marko \u00d0urasevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Durasevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-4769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75318151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"284","last_page":"299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.6785416603088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5361207723617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41010206937789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2847632169723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19515585899353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.0816049575805664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.6785416603088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5361207723617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41010206937789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2847632169723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19515585899353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0816049575805664}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3232064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232064","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09998512.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/288719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/288719","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/288719/288719.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/288719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/288719","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/288719/1/288719.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 11, 284 - 299","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7046f84b639944bf888889a4ef864be7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7046f84b639944bf888889a4ef864be7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 284-299 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:55539618-7b9e-443e-8ee3-3c8610ff365b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:55539618-7b9e-443e-8ee3-3c8610ff365b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3232064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3232064","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09998512.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312771025.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312771025.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150571132","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1724890242","https://openalex.org/W1752847028","https://openalex.org/W1937779730","https://openalex.org/W1978381081","https://openalex.org/W2109042184","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2200000192","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2556867355","https://openalex.org/W2605216006","https://openalex.org/W2746796098","https://openalex.org/W2810943746","https://openalex.org/W2899675781","https://openalex.org/W2899911233","https://openalex.org/W2914572864","https://openalex.org/W2943530662","https://openalex.org/W2946547492","https://openalex.org/W2950964200","https://openalex.org/W2981748264","https://openalex.org/W2990296674","https://openalex.org/W3038944566","https://openalex.org/W3046385973","https://openalex.org/W3083205286","https://openalex.org/W3096110808","https://openalex.org/W3126247501","https://openalex.org/W3127227429","https://openalex.org/W3162493648","https://openalex.org/W3178245564","https://openalex.org/W3185587963","https://openalex.org/W3202257033","https://openalex.org/W3208177954","https://openalex.org/W3208320534","https://openalex.org/W4239750483","https://openalex.org/W4245524709","https://openalex.org/W4283653693","https://openalex.org/W4289552067","https://openalex.org/W4320930577","https://openalex.org/W4382322519","https://openalex.org/W4391061070","https://openalex.org/W6676279030","https://openalex.org/W6731370813","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6753792318","https://openalex.org/W6794383768","https://openalex.org/W6838441340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4323824501","https://openalex.org/W2355552010","https://openalex.org/W2136687465","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W3016859066","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4200321003","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"choice":[1],"of":[2,10,18,49,111,176],"activation":[3,20,30,53,57,77,87,105,136,164],"functions":[4,21,78,88,106,137,165],"can":[5,74,141,166],"significantly":[6],"impact":[7],"the":[8,25,28,62,109,120,143,147,151,155,162,168,179,186,197],"performance":[9],"neural":[11],"networks.":[12],"Due":[13],"to":[14,91,100,131,191],"an":[15,51,55],"ever-increasing":[16],"number":[17],"new":[19,76],"being":[22],"proposed":[23],"in":[24,46,108,196],"literature,":[26],"selecting":[27,50],"appropriate":[29,56],"function":[31,58],"becomes":[32],"even":[33],"more":[34],"difficult.":[35],"Consequently,":[36],"many":[37],"researchers":[38],"approach":[39,126],"this":[40,67,125],"problem":[41,63],"from":[42,146],"a":[43,173],"different":[44],"angle,":[45],"which":[47],"instead":[48],"existing":[52],"function,":[54],"is":[59,127],"evolved":[60,163],"for":[61,79,154,178,185],"at":[64],"hand.":[65],"In":[66],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,96],"demonstrate":[70,160],"that":[71,92,114,124,139,161],"evolutionary":[72],"algorithms":[73],"evolve":[75],"side-channel":[80],"analysis":[81],"(SCA),":[82],"outperforming":[83],"ReLU":[84],"and":[85,102,138,183,193],"other":[86],"commonly":[89],"applied":[90],"problem.":[93],"More":[94,149],"specifically,":[95],"use":[97],"Genetic":[98],"Programming":[99],"define":[101],"explore":[103],"candidate":[104],"(neuroevolution)":[107],"form":[110],"mathematical":[112],"expressions":[113],"are":[115],"gradually":[116],"improved.":[117],"Experiments":[118],"with":[119,134],"ASCAD":[121,156],"database":[122],"show":[123],"highly":[128],"effective":[129],"compared":[130,190],"results":[132,145,153],"obtained":[133,152,195],"standard":[135],"it":[140],"match":[142],"state-of-the-art":[144,170],"literature.":[148,198],"precisely,":[150],"fixed":[157],"key":[158],"dataset":[159],"improve":[167],"current":[169],"by":[171],"achieving":[172],"guessing":[174],"entropy":[175],"287":[177],"Hamming":[180],"weight":[181],"model":[182],"115":[184],"Identity":[187],"leakage":[188],"model,":[189],"447":[192],"120":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
