{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313855689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3231130","title":"SIGNFORMER: DeepVision Transformer for Sign Language Recognition","display_name":"SIGNFORMER: DeepVision Transformer for Sign Language Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313855689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3231130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3231130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3231130","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10011551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10011551.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072741449","display_name":"Deep Kothadiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-1720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33459947","display_name":"Charotar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0442pkv24","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deep R. Kothadiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["U & P U Patel Department of Computer Engineering, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT), Faculty of Technology (FTE), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-1720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U & P U Patel Department of Computer Engineering, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT), Faculty of Technology (FTE), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025539382","display_name":"Chintan Bhatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-0159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33586908","display_name":"Pandit Deendayal Energy University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nsv5p42","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chintan M. Bhatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-0159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018549351","display_name":"Tanzila Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzila Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amjad Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-0329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-0329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077942586","display_name":"Saeed Ali Bahaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ali Bahaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIS Department, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIS Department, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072741449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":18.2096,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99656239,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"4730","last_page":"4739"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.8659873008728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7688267230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.7134006023406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6165030002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.539947509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5256142020225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46795809268951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4387734532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1437087059020996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.8659873008728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7688267230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.7134006023406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6165030002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.539947509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5256142020225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46795809268951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4387734532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1437087059020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3231130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3231130","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10011551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59bd4db1605c40de82485d356c8288c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59bd4db1605c40de82485d356c8288c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 4730-4739 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3231130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3231130","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10011551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581810680","https://openalex.org/W1506441995","https://openalex.org/W1548002489","https://openalex.org/W2015058588","https://openalex.org/W2062136142","https://openalex.org/W2113819043","https://openalex.org/W2500095286","https://openalex.org/W2737899662","https://openalex.org/W2899058768","https://openalex.org/W2970146327","https://openalex.org/W3028504508","https://openalex.org/W3129986654","https://openalex.org/W3182659197","https://openalex.org/W3184215204","https://openalex.org/W3187112921","https://openalex.org/W3198787543","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4224054210","https://openalex.org/W4225160998","https://openalex.org/W4281710609","https://openalex.org/W4285685564","https://openalex.org/W4297851380","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6676925370","https://openalex.org/W6810023147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308478915","https://openalex.org/W4389049376","https://openalex.org/W1986488374","https://openalex.org/W3040456104","https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sign":[0],"language":[1,40,60],"is":[2,34],"the":[3,10,15,30,51,63,69,96,134],"most":[4],"common":[5],"form":[6],"of":[7,65,101,127,143],"communication":[8,16],"for":[9,58],"hearing":[11],"impaired.":[12],"To":[13,76],"bridge":[14],"gap":[17],"with":[18,113],"such":[19,45],"impaired":[20,46],"people,":[21],"a":[22,38,55,73,99,110,118,139],"normal":[23],"people":[24],"should":[25],"be":[26],"able":[27],"to":[28,36,43,109,146],"recognize":[29,77],"signs.":[31],"Therefore,":[32],"it":[33],"necessary":[35],"introduce":[37],"sign":[39,59,80,97],"recognition":[41,64],"system":[42],"assist":[44],"people.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"Transformer":[52],"Encoder":[53],"as":[54],"useful":[56],"tool":[57],"recognition.":[61],"For":[62],"static":[66,78],"Indian":[67,79],"signs,":[68],"authors":[70],"have":[71],"implemented":[72],"vision":[74],"transformer.":[75],"language,":[81],"proposed":[82,135],"methodology":[83,94],"archives":[84],"noticeable":[85],"performance":[86],"over":[87],"other":[88],"state-of-the-art":[89],"convolution":[90],"architecture.":[91],"The":[92],"suggested":[93],"divides":[95],"into":[98],"series":[100],"positional":[102],"embedding":[103],"patches,":[104],"which":[105],"are":[106],"then":[107],"sent":[108],"transformer":[111],"block":[112],"four":[114],"self-attention":[115],"layers":[116],"and":[117],"multilayer":[119],"perceptron":[120],"network.":[121],"Experimental":[122],"results":[123],"show":[124],"satisfactory":[125],"identification":[126],"gestures":[128],"under":[129],"various":[130],"augmentation":[131],"methods.":[132],"Moreover,":[133],"approach":[136],"only":[137],"requires":[138],"very":[140],"small":[141],"number":[142],"training":[144],"epochs":[145],"achieve":[147],"99.29":[148],"percent":[149],"accuracy.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}