{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312555285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230834","title":"Joint Modulation Format Identification and Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Monitoring Based on Ternary Neural Networks","display_name":"Joint Modulation Format Identification and Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Monitoring Based on Ternary Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312555285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3230834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230834","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049423135","display_name":"Peng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041698589","display_name":"Chuanqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4503-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319456","display_name":"Dong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-4697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029531810","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-9366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101963471","display_name":"Ye Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049423135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54594883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"133324","last_page":"133332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6703016757965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6252256035804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.605886697769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4586195647716522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.45859968662261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.42022570967674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4200928211212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3377293646335602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3101385235786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26841747760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2578258514404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.17554980516433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.15086892247200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0856885015964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0808977484703064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6703016757965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6252256035804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.605886697769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4586195647716522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.45859968662261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.42022570967674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4200928211212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3377293646335602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3101385235786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26841747760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2578258514404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.17554980516433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.15086892247200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0856885015964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0808977484703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3230834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa7b4f7472a646a38357a34c12388a5f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa7b4f7472a646a38357a34c12388a5f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 133324-133332 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3230834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052194957","https://openalex.org/W2560017826","https://openalex.org/W2735521527","https://openalex.org/W2781390205","https://openalex.org/W2906663849","https://openalex.org/W2913340739","https://openalex.org/W2930713572","https://openalex.org/W2960555382","https://openalex.org/W2962237217","https://openalex.org/W2978746166","https://openalex.org/W2998122656","https://openalex.org/W3006427416","https://openalex.org/W3009510765","https://openalex.org/W3018655245","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W3046486415","https://openalex.org/W3116024597","https://openalex.org/W3122113218","https://openalex.org/W3128665664","https://openalex.org/W3133033995","https://openalex.org/W3190239437","https://openalex.org/W3194507660","https://openalex.org/W3201685474","https://openalex.org/W3210523256","https://openalex.org/W4280615708","https://openalex.org/W4282019694","https://openalex.org/W6730047919","https://openalex.org/W6794833217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W2901356766","https://openalex.org/W1993069619","https://openalex.org/W2018164385","https://openalex.org/W2003011219","https://openalex.org/W2366061186","https://openalex.org/W2184919146","https://openalex.org/W2291383639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modulation":[0],"format":[1,21],"identification":[2,22,93],"(MFI)":[3],"and":[4,23,40,67,76,88,98,114,131,143,156],"optical":[5,14],"signal-to-noise":[6],"ratio":[7],"(OSNR)":[8],"monitoring":[9,25],"are":[10,149],"essential":[11],"for":[12,18,102],"elastic":[13],"networks.":[15],"A":[16,69],"method":[17,176],"joint":[19],"modulation":[20,58],"OSNR":[24],"based":[26,107],"on":[27,91,108],"ternary":[28,35,127],"neural":[29,36,124,128,133],"networks":[30],"was":[31,38,74,168,190],"proposed.":[32],"Further,":[33],"a":[34],"network":[37,125,129,134],"established,":[39],"the":[41,77,84,92,103,109,119,122,140,147,154,157,163,166,174,194,197],"constellation":[42],"images":[43],"after":[44],"constant":[45],"modulus":[46],"algorithm":[47],"(CMA)":[48],"equalization":[49],"were":[50,60,79,100],"used":[51,57],"as":[52],"input":[53],"features.":[54],"Four":[55],"commonly":[56],"formats":[59],"distinguished,":[61],"including":[62],"dual-polarization":[63],"(DP)-QPSK,":[64],"8QAM,":[65],"16QAM,":[66],"64QAM.":[68],"32G":[70],"baud":[71],"simulation":[72],"system":[73,167],"constructed,":[75],"results":[78,137,171],"analyzed.":[80,169],"First,":[81],"we":[82,117],"investigated":[83],"influence":[85],"of":[86,121,146,153,165,196],"resolution":[87],"sample":[89],"length":[90],"accuracy.":[94,115],"The":[95,136,170],"values":[96],"32":[97],"7000":[99],"selected":[101],"two":[104],"parameters,":[105],"respectively,":[106],"balance":[110],"between":[111],"resource":[112],"consumption":[113,142],"Then,":[116],"compared":[118],"performance":[120],"binary":[123],"(BNN),":[126],"(TNN),":[130],"full-precision":[132],"(FNN).":[135],"indicate":[138],"that":[139,173],"memory":[141],"extraction":[144],"time":[145],"TNN":[148],"similar":[150],"to":[151,184,192],"those":[152],"BNN,":[155],"accuracy":[158],"is":[159],"further":[160],"improved.":[161],"Moreover,":[162],"robustness":[164],"validate":[172],"proposed":[175,198],"can":[177],"tolerate":[178],"fiber":[179],"nonlinearity":[180],"(from":[181],"500":[182],"km":[183],"1500":[185],"km).":[186],"Finally,":[187],"an":[188],"experiment":[189],"conducted":[191],"prove":[193],"practicality":[195],"method.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
