{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313034925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230670","title":"Risk-Based Reserve Scheduling for Active Distribution Networks Based on an Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Risk-Based Reserve Scheduling for Active Distribution Networks Based on an Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313034925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3230670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230670","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09992237.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09992237.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449171","display_name":"Xiaoyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-5560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-5560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007330988","display_name":"Xueshan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueshan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-0898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721448","display_name":"Ming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-8683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-8683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66076282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"15211","last_page":"15228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7679978609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6056154370307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5478864908218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-optimization","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","score":0.44826799631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.4243733286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-programming","display_name":"Stochastic programming","score":0.41411495208740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07823708653450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.07422178983688354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7679978609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6056154370307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5478864908218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.44826799631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4243733286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.41411495208740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07823708653450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.07422178983688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3230670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230670","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09992237.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a73db55afe7436398fed44ceb07a77a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a73db55afe7436398fed44ceb07a77a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 15211-15228 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3230670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3230670","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09992237.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5268888678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51477091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313034925.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313034925.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133585689","https://openalex.org/W1647779468","https://openalex.org/W1966683033","https://openalex.org/W1997679353","https://openalex.org/W2074817043","https://openalex.org/W2098854737","https://openalex.org/W2225094937","https://openalex.org/W2560830881","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2781726626","https://openalex.org/W2787938642","https://openalex.org/W2792021790","https://openalex.org/W2804791273","https://openalex.org/W2900688122","https://openalex.org/W2945539990","https://openalex.org/W2990466689","https://openalex.org/W2991637741","https://openalex.org/W2997572754","https://openalex.org/W3017299878","https://openalex.org/W3038997519","https://openalex.org/W3117257551","https://openalex.org/W3129877250","https://openalex.org/W3144729343","https://openalex.org/W3158677705","https://openalex.org/W3162602363","https://openalex.org/W3168090563","https://openalex.org/W4205493724","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4241079583","https://openalex.org/W4293645819","https://openalex.org/W6687063787","https://openalex.org/W6689723076","https://openalex.org/W6705962775","https://openalex.org/W6737893269","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6748839928","https://openalex.org/W6751725685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254717236","https://openalex.org/W2377757044","https://openalex.org/W3160952126","https://openalex.org/W2320103255","https://openalex.org/W798918733","https://openalex.org/W4213167601","https://openalex.org/W2101287851","https://openalex.org/W163279402","https://openalex.org/W2403168774","https://openalex.org/W2119531745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"the":[1,27,80,91,100,108,112,117,121,151],"coordinated":[2],"optimization":[3,48,130,136,166],"of":[4,82,111,119,123,150],"tie-line":[5],"reserve":[6,18,36,51,109,154],"and":[7,85,105,115],"energy":[8,92],"storage":[9,93],"on":[10,43,161],"two":[11],"timescales":[12],"is":[13,57,71,132,168],"a":[14,60,74,139,171],"key":[15],"issue":[16],"in":[17,66,138],"scheduling":[19,37,52,155],"for":[20,38,53,156],"active":[21,39,54,157],"distribution":[22,40,55,158],"networks.":[23],"To":[24],"effectively":[25,143],"manage":[26],"uncertainty":[28],"related":[29],"to":[30,98,103,134],"renewable":[31],"energy,":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"risk-based":[35,153],"networks":[41,56,159],"based":[42,160],"an":[44,162],"improved":[45,127,163],"proximal":[46,128,164],"policy":[47,129,165],"algorithm.":[49],"The":[50,148],"constructed":[58,72],"as":[59,73],"two-scale":[61],"multistage":[62],"stochastic":[63,76],"programming":[64,77],"model,":[65],"which":[67],"intraday":[68,87],"real-time":[69],"operation":[70,88],"multi-stage":[75],"model.":[78],"With":[79],"help":[81],"more":[83],"accurate":[84],"realistic":[86],"scenario":[89],"simulation,":[90],"can":[94],"be":[95],"fully":[96],"utilized":[97],"improve":[99],"system\u2019s":[101],"ability":[102],"climb":[104],"peak,":[106],"reduce":[107],"pressure":[110],"main":[113],"network,":[114],"achieve":[116],"purpose":[118],"improving":[120],"flexibility":[122],"system":[124],"operation.":[125],"An":[126],"algorithm":[131,167],"proposed":[133,152],"solve":[135],"problems":[137],"model-free":[140],"manner":[141],"while":[142],"handling":[144],"conditional":[145],"value-at-risk":[146],"constraints.":[147],"effectiveness":[149],"verified":[169],"by":[170],"modified":[172],"IEEE33":[173],"case.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}