{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313045506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229895","title":"Real-Time Occupancy Detection System Using Low-Resolution Thermopile Array Sensor for Indoor Environment","display_name":"Real-Time Occupancy Detection System Using Low-Resolution Thermopile Array Sensor for Indoor Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313045506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3229895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229895","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019981865","display_name":"B Shubha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Shubha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-8654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008034696","display_name":"V. Veena Devi Shastrimath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Veena Devi Shastrimath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76785378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"130981","last_page":"130995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermopile","display_name":"Thermopile","score":0.9612278938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6667762994766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5152462124824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4814576506614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4742357134819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46497204899787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy-grid-mapping","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","score":0.44321656227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.4291602075099945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4008641242980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.19238966703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.1432107388973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.12179943919181824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47279676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915693","display_name":"Thermopile","level":3,"score":0.9612278938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6667762994766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5152462124824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4814576506614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4742357134819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46497204899787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57077369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075747","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","level":4,"score":0.44321656227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.4291602075099945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4008641242980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.19238966703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.1432107388973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.12179943919181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3229895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d18b93e8b62c40feacd22013774be7c2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d18b93e8b62c40feacd22013774be7c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 130981-130995 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3229895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499106427","https://openalex.org/W1830074143","https://openalex.org/W1990311671","https://openalex.org/W1994176826","https://openalex.org/W2037358684","https://openalex.org/W2038324232","https://openalex.org/W2051797840","https://openalex.org/W2057891618","https://openalex.org/W2070887398","https://openalex.org/W2079531190","https://openalex.org/W2082743815","https://openalex.org/W2180097222","https://openalex.org/W2315056270","https://openalex.org/W2343375671","https://openalex.org/W2343454598","https://openalex.org/W2344160634","https://openalex.org/W2543397440","https://openalex.org/W2588147029","https://openalex.org/W2601917592","https://openalex.org/W2625887608","https://openalex.org/W2737939694","https://openalex.org/W2739958267","https://openalex.org/W2786399107","https://openalex.org/W2798563674","https://openalex.org/W2889260206","https://openalex.org/W2892446952","https://openalex.org/W2945087078","https://openalex.org/W2962994562","https://openalex.org/W2974068820","https://openalex.org/W3031930642","https://openalex.org/W3047127944","https://openalex.org/W3094394954","https://openalex.org/W3105770342","https://openalex.org/W3109792858","https://openalex.org/W3118468178","https://openalex.org/W3167816005","https://openalex.org/W3200523320","https://openalex.org/W4252813286","https://openalex.org/W6638649580","https://openalex.org/W6685529531","https://openalex.org/W6704897455","https://openalex.org/W6755959371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W4312857205","https://openalex.org/W121273120","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W317572212","https://openalex.org/W2002009170","https://openalex.org/W2034462085","https://openalex.org/W2164918837","https://openalex.org/W1604511055","https://openalex.org/W4213228110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-Resolution":[0],"Thermopile":[1],"Array":[2],"Sensors":[3],"are":[4,47,191],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,38,50,61,82,126],"several":[8],"indoor":[9],"applications":[10,84],"such":[11,83],"as":[12],"security,":[13],"intelligent":[14],"surveillance,":[15],"robotics,":[16],"military,":[17],"and":[18,26,53,155,198],"health":[19],"monitoring":[20],"systems.":[21,56],"It":[22],"is":[23,67,85],"compact,":[24],"cost-effective,":[25],"offers":[27],"a":[28,127,144,166],"low-resolution":[29,145,167],"thermal":[30,110,185,188],"image":[31],"of":[32,58,112,124,184,206],"the":[33,55,59,73,113,118,122,203],"environment,":[34],"attracting":[35],"its":[36],"use":[37],"privacy-focused":[39],"applications.":[40],"Many":[41],"industries":[42],"migrating":[43],"towards":[44],"Industry":[45],"4.0":[46],"facing":[48],"challenges":[49],"using":[51,69,91,105,143,165],"sensors":[52,70,107],"automating":[54],"One":[57],"areas":[60],"which":[62,108],"automation":[63],"could":[64,101],"be":[65,102],"implemented":[66],"by":[68,104],"to":[71,96,120,139,150,193,201],"operate":[72],"systems":[74,94],"smartly":[75],"based":[76],"on":[77],"occupancy.":[78],"The":[79,99,159,173],"major":[80],"challenge":[81],"maintaining":[86],"privacy;":[87],"conventional":[88],"imaging":[89],"mechanisms":[90],"optical":[92],"camera":[93],"fail":[95],"achieve":[97],"it.":[98],"same":[100],"achieved":[103],"thermopile":[106,147,168],"provide":[109],"data":[111,190],"desired":[114],"region.":[115],"This":[116,134],"generates":[117],"possibility":[119],"identify":[121],"number":[123],"people":[125],"specified":[128],"area":[129],"without":[130],"revealing":[131],"their":[132,152],"identity.":[133],"paper":[135],"proposes":[136],"various":[137],"approaches":[138],"detect":[140],"human":[141,207],"occupancy":[142],"infrared":[146],"array":[148,169],"sensor":[149,171,174],"keep":[151],"identity":[153],"safe":[154],"avoid":[156],"privacy":[157],"issues.":[158],"proposed":[160],"system":[161],"detects":[162],"IR-emitting":[163],"objects":[164],"Grid-EYE":[170],"(AMG8833).":[172],"acquires":[175],"<inline-formula":[176],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[177],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[178],"<tex-math":[179],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$8\\times":[180],"8$":[181],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[182],"pixels":[183],"distribution.":[186],"These":[187],"distribution":[189],"subjected":[192],"interpolation,":[194],"filtering,":[195],"adaptive":[196],"thresholding,":[197],"background":[199],"suppression":[200],"attain":[202],"set":[204],"goal":[205],"detection.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}