{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312774015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229168","title":"A Survey on Remote Operation of Road Vehicles","display_name":"A Survey on Remote Operation of Road Vehicles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312774015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3229168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017603627","display_name":"Oscar Amador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-5226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Amador","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010360786","display_name":"Maytheewat Aramrattana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161337","display_name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmmpw58","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maytheewat Aramrattana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003670494","display_name":"Alexey Vinel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Vinel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017603627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1685,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1817},"fwci":5.0788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96271269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"130135","last_page":"130154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6961358785629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.685348391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6841617822647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6768913269042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.6745585799217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.6384478807449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5244041681289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.440306156873703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.42794856429100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-control","display_name":"Remote control","score":0.42015624046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.4158613383769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28888577222824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.20893028378486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15867531299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.11813387274742126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6961358785629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.685348391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6841617822647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6768913269042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.6745585799217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6384478807449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5244041681289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.440306156873703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.42794856429100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557691694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185091","display_name":"Remote control","level":2,"score":0.42015624046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4158613383769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28888577222824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.20893028378486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15867531299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.11813387274742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3229168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000154807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000154807","pdf_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000154807/150102402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 10, 130135\u2013130154","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-48981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-48981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:vti-19363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8c09c0d19ba400e8bb2e02f32ee00a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8c09c0d19ba400e8bb2e02f32ee00a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 130135-130154 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000154807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000154807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3229168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3229168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G461790642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-02945","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4903744696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-03068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling","ror":"https://ror.org/02cbq7e25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2049721666","https://openalex.org/W2062789233","https://openalex.org/W2085279009","https://openalex.org/W2138631726","https://openalex.org/W2155188066","https://openalex.org/W2157206784","https://openalex.org/W2161231482","https://openalex.org/W2167310912","https://openalex.org/W2396413207","https://openalex.org/W2405496958","https://openalex.org/W2470599929","https://openalex.org/W2497244710","https://openalex.org/W2509148871","https://openalex.org/W2517424214","https://openalex.org/W2750352083","https://openalex.org/W2758832396","https://openalex.org/W2788496341","https://openalex.org/W2798658696","https://openalex.org/W2896336465","https://openalex.org/W2896958856","https://openalex.org/W2900784871","https://openalex.org/W2910826083","https://openalex.org/W2936325188","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2966299732","https://openalex.org/W2973909606","https://openalex.org/W2981336484","https://openalex.org/W2990938991","https://openalex.org/W2996471681","https://openalex.org/W3002983179","https://openalex.org/W3013451882","https://openalex.org/W3033365927","https://openalex.org/W3042764989","https://openalex.org/W3087811358","https://openalex.org/W3092313849","https://openalex.org/W3095881456","https://openalex.org/W3105432135","https://openalex.org/W3114927196","https://openalex.org/W3116785796","https://openalex.org/W3120798823","https://openalex.org/W3126587123","https://openalex.org/W3129553296","https://openalex.org/W3133824137","https://openalex.org/W3142265382","https://openalex.org/W3152534146","https://openalex.org/W3157749775","https://openalex.org/W3164168310","https://openalex.org/W3176028460","https://openalex.org/W3186025071","https://openalex.org/W3188059385","https://openalex.org/W3201193576","https://openalex.org/W3210007660","https://openalex.org/W3211317546","https://openalex.org/W4205124053","https://openalex.org/W4206079149","https://openalex.org/W4206200235","https://openalex.org/W4206658423","https://openalex.org/W4286285660","https://openalex.org/W4290670336","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W6711736601","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6787406705","https://openalex.org/W6797478722","https://openalex.org/W6801708962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953205341","https://openalex.org/W2092643327","https://openalex.org/W235065745","https://openalex.org/W2029935773","https://openalex.org/W2787754950","https://openalex.org/W1572215850","https://openalex.org/W1985775355","https://openalex.org/W2352115286","https://openalex.org/W4256172809","https://openalex.org/W2767394639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1,165],"years,":[2],"the":[3,78,87,103,127,137,152,170,179,182,189],"use":[4,158],"of":[5,43,89,93,123,130,140,148,154,184],"remote":[6,38,41,69,91,128,141,185],"operation":[7,42,70,92,129,142,149,186],"has":[8,46],"been":[9,48],"proposed":[10,49],"as":[11,50,110],"a":[12,28,37,51,121],"bridge":[13],"towards":[14],"driverless":[15],"mobility":[16],"by":[17,77,135],"providing":[18],"human":[19,116,155],"assistance":[20],"remotely":[21],"when":[22],"an":[23],"automated":[24],"driving":[25],"system":[26],"finds":[27],"situation":[29],"that":[30,114,125],"is":[31,82],"ambiguous":[32],"and":[33,61,85,112,144,163,166,174,192],"requires":[34],"input":[35],"from":[36,59,102,172],"operator.":[39],"The":[40],"road":[44,94,131],"vehicles":[45,58,95],"also":[47],"way":[52],"to":[53,56,106,161],"enable":[54],"drivers":[55],"operate":[57],"safer":[60],"more":[62],"comfortable":[63],"locations.":[64],"While":[65],"commercial":[66,193],"solutions":[67],"for":[68],"exist,":[71],"remaining":[72],"challenges":[73,180],"are":[74],"being":[75],"tackled":[76],"research":[79],"community,":[80],"who":[81],"continuously":[83],"testing":[84],"validating":[86],"feasibility":[88],"deploying":[90],"on":[96,151,169],"public":[97],"roads.":[98],"These":[99],"tests":[100],"range":[101],"technological":[104],"scope":[105],"social":[107],"aspects":[108],"such":[109],"acceptability":[111],"usability":[113],"affect":[115],"performance.":[117],"This":[118],"survey":[119],"presents":[120],"compilation":[122],"works":[124],"approach":[126],"vehicles.":[132],"We":[133,157],"start":[134],"describing":[136],"basic":[138],"architecture":[139],"systems":[143,187],"classify":[145],"their":[146],"modes":[147],"depending":[150],"level":[153],"intervention.":[156],"this":[159],"classification":[160],"organize":[162],"present":[164],"relevant":[167],"work":[168],"field":[171],"industry":[173],"academia.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"we":[177],"identify":[178],"in":[181,188],"deployment":[183],"technological,":[190],"regulatory,":[191],"scopes.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2023-01-05T00:00:00"}