{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312235732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3228641","title":"Performance Evaluation System Based on Multi-Indicators for Signal Recognition","display_name":"Performance Evaluation System Based on Multi-Indicators for Signal Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312235732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3228641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3228641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3228641","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09982458.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09982458.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101607289","display_name":"Qingming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-4345"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["VES Technologies Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VES Technologies Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100541272","display_name":"Songlin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songlin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019081875","display_name":"Hu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-9695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129465","display_name":"Wuhan Ship Development & Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02mcdae06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129465"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-9695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129465"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67546264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"2820","last_page":"2830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.9196000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7740172147750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.654391884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.6053434610366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6027094125747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5295187830924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-environment","display_name":"Electromagnetic environment","score":0.49551546573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49393707513809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4928755760192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43722596764564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4208882749080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2243460714817047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7740172147750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.654391884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.6053434610366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6027094125747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5295187830924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64183698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4530886","display_name":"Electromagnetic environment","level":2,"score":0.49551546573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49393707513809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4928755760192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43722596764564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4208882749080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2243460714817047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3228641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3228641","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09982458.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c201ff54028f4f14bc654584c3733a6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c201ff54028f4f14bc654584c3733a6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 2820-2830 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3228641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3228641","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09982458.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312235732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312235732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966917412","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2143572124","https://openalex.org/W2144906988","https://openalex.org/W2536089896","https://openalex.org/W2658353027","https://openalex.org/W2765852770","https://openalex.org/W2772387500","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2784220409","https://openalex.org/W2897359443","https://openalex.org/W2908997014","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2949191678","https://openalex.org/W3002213340","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3016147814","https://openalex.org/W3023365694","https://openalex.org/W3037215700","https://openalex.org/W3038716110","https://openalex.org/W3111818035","https://openalex.org/W3120448233","https://openalex.org/W3125948195","https://openalex.org/W3133033995","https://openalex.org/W3146023480","https://openalex.org/W3205236965","https://openalex.org/W3205971195","https://openalex.org/W4226117432","https://openalex.org/W4226169885","https://openalex.org/W4283030425","https://openalex.org/W4302065608","https://openalex.org/W6757355660","https://openalex.org/W6788271880","https://openalex.org/W6845242946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W2002351707","https://openalex.org/W4293699968","https://openalex.org/W2035096001","https://openalex.org/W4312843811","https://openalex.org/W2327035729","https://openalex.org/W2923621274","https://openalex.org/W3112414093","https://openalex.org/W4210778126","https://openalex.org/W4210319752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"the":[1,21,24,32,50,58,91,98,118,133,164,191,210,215,229],"electromagnetic":[2,18,36,61,86,160],"environment":[3],"is":[4,12,46,115,178,197,225],"becoming":[5],"more":[6,8,171],"and":[7,10,28,39,42,75,95,107,117,130,132,153,180,190,233],"complex,":[9],"it":[11,196],"increasingly":[13],"difficult":[14],"to":[15,48,78],"accurately":[16],"identify":[17,79],"signals.":[19,87],"At":[20],"same":[22],"time,":[23],"quality":[25,51],"of":[26,35,52,60,82,97,167,214,231],"models":[27,74,99,152,232],"algorithms":[29,77,123,154],"largely":[30],"determines":[31],"final":[33],"result":[34],"signal":[37,62,113,125],"recognition,":[38],"a":[40,108],"comprehensive":[41],"holistic":[43],"evaluation":[44,110,137,219],"system":[45,111,220],"needed":[47],"assess":[49],"model":[53,122],"or":[54],"algorithm":[55,205],"performance":[56,230],"in":[57,103,124,139,222],"field":[59],"recognition.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"this":[66,68,89,223],"phenomenon,":[67],"paper":[69,224],"uses":[70],"different":[71,121,140,149,156],"machine":[72,150],"learning":[73,151],"AdaBoost":[76,204],"100":[80],"classes":[81],"WiFi":[83],"radiation":[84],"source":[85],"In":[88],"paper,":[90],"classification":[92,212],"performance,":[93],"complexity":[94,177],"robustness":[96],"are":[100,128,142],"evaluated":[101],"comprehensively":[102],"three":[104],"aspects":[105],"respectively,":[106],"multi-dimensional":[109],"for":[112,227],"recognition":[114,126,157,165,188,211],"constructed,":[116],"differences":[119],"between":[120,135],"effects":[127,158],"compared":[129],"analyzed,":[131],"correlations":[134],"each":[136],"index":[138],"dimensions":[141],"explored.":[143],"The":[144,203,218],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"have":[155],"on":[159],"signals,":[161],"among":[162],"which":[163],"accuracy":[166,213],"ResNet":[168],"can":[169],"reach":[170],"than":[172],"90%,":[173],"but":[174,195],"its":[175],"computational":[176,193],"high":[179],"easily":[181,199],"affected":[182,200],"by":[183,201],"noise.":[184,202],"DNN":[185],"has":[186],"poor":[187],"effect":[189],"highest":[192],"complexity,":[194],"not":[198,207],"does":[206],"necessarily":[208],"improve":[209],"underlying":[216],"classifier.":[217],"established":[221],"meaningful":[226],"assessing":[228],"algorithms.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}