{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312415134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224922","title":"Innovative Variational AutoEncoder for an End-to-End Communication System","display_name":"Innovative Variational AutoEncoder for an End-to-End Communication System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312415134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224922","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09964187.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09964187.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084826141","display_name":"Mohamad A. Alawad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-7108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad A. Alawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-7108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017090419","display_name":"Mutasem Q. Hamdan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-4021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mutasem Q. Hamdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-4021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054743342","display_name":"Khairi Ashour Hamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-5573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khairi A. Hamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-5573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084826141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91745051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"86834","last_page":"86847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7683061361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.7128582000732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5767025947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.5386428833007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5101640224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4882095158100128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.44211798906326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.43655848503112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4263467788696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.42188745737075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.41302186250686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.37515950202941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.23070573806762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21610412001609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1881023645401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1633094847202301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7683061361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.7128582000732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5767025947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.5386428833007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5101640224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4882095158100128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.44211798906326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.43655848503112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4263467788696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.42188745737075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.41302186250686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.37515950202941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.23070573806762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21610412001609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1881023645401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1633094847202301}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224922","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09964187.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e923aeab-4de8-44cc-9070-f16fab6f8e99","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/e923aeab-4de8-44cc-9070-f16fab6f8e99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alawad, M A, Hamdan, M Q & Hamdi, K A 2023, 'Innovative Variational AutoEncoder for an End-to-End Communication System', IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3224922","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80d366cfce474e5d9007af62589f0c6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80d366cfce474e5d9007af62589f0c6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 86834-86847 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224922","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09964187.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312415134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312415134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2057276214","https://openalex.org/W2107165366","https://openalex.org/W2584943905","https://openalex.org/W2589785008","https://openalex.org/W2611632661","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2618746189","https://openalex.org/W2666368276","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2736068844","https://openalex.org/W2738538347","https://openalex.org/W2886374543","https://openalex.org/W2889153869","https://openalex.org/W2901008672","https://openalex.org/W2914940294","https://openalex.org/W2946889564","https://openalex.org/W2948978827","https://openalex.org/W2962765321","https://openalex.org/W2962931733","https://openalex.org/W2962956060","https://openalex.org/W2962964572","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963408536","https://openalex.org/W2963426391","https://openalex.org/W2963622214","https://openalex.org/W2964198392","https://openalex.org/W2968026845","https://openalex.org/W2973449430","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W2983402365","https://openalex.org/W2990556435","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W2996570101","https://openalex.org/W3005526854","https://openalex.org/W3014407784","https://openalex.org/W3036851434","https://openalex.org/W3040227021","https://openalex.org/W3049358913","https://openalex.org/W3117208668","https://openalex.org/W3129828944","https://openalex.org/W3132323068","https://openalex.org/W3216296586","https://openalex.org/W4200206200","https://openalex.org/W4200562737","https://openalex.org/W4297824792","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639732818","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6725708968","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6736966227","https://openalex.org/W6738709550","https://openalex.org/W6755176163","https://openalex.org/W6762470948","https://openalex.org/W6803999419","https://openalex.org/W6999787859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607978590","https://openalex.org/W2980109842","https://openalex.org/W2783554303","https://openalex.org/W1576013675","https://openalex.org/W2154316601","https://openalex.org/W2113587703","https://openalex.org/W2938807808","https://openalex.org/W1965669147","https://openalex.org/W2175983084","https://openalex.org/W2158612423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Powered":[0],"by":[1,59,70],"deep":[2],"learning":[3],"(DL),":[4],"autoencoders":[5,40],"(AE)":[6],"end-to-end":[7],"(E2E)":[8],"communication":[9,22,48],"systems":[10,23],"have":[11,25,117],"been":[12,118],"developed":[13,119],"to":[14,111,139],"merge":[15],"all":[16],"physical":[17,86],"layer":[18],"blocks":[19],"in":[20,91,95,147,219],"traditional":[21],"and":[24,134,153,159,164,191],"achieved":[26],"great":[27],"success.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30,51],"paper,":[31],"a":[32,92,106,174],"new":[33,52,170],"probabilistic":[34],"model,":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"the":[38,54,60,71,85,101,141,144,169,188,192,204,208,220,225],"variational":[39],"(VAE),":[41],"is":[42,211],"proposed":[43,145,171,209,221],"for":[44,120],"short":[45],"packet":[46,63],"wireless":[47,87],"systems.":[49,132],"Using":[50],"approach,":[53],"information":[55],"messages":[56],"are":[57,68,110,137],"represented":[58],"so":[61],"called":[62],"hot":[64,108],"vectors":[65,109],"(PHV)":[66],"which":[67],"inferred":[69],"VAE":[72,115,172,222],"latent":[73],"random":[74],"variables":[75],"(LRVs).":[76],"Then":[77],"only":[78],"LRVs\u2019":[79],"parameters":[80],"can":[81,177],"be":[82,112],"transmitted":[83],"through":[84],"channel.":[88],"This":[89],"results":[90,136,166],"significant":[93],"improvement":[94],"spectral":[96,205],"efficiency":[97,206],"when":[98],"compared":[99],"with":[100,157,173,196],"pure":[102],"AE":[103,190],"approach":[104],"where":[105],"longer":[107],"transmitted.":[113],"Specific":[114],"models":[116],"both":[121,187],"binary":[122],"(BPSK)":[123],"as":[124,126,201,203],"well":[125],"Quadrature":[127],"phase":[128],"shift":[129],"keying":[130],"(QPSK)":[131],"Simulation":[133],"numerical":[135,165],"given":[138],"demonstrate":[140],"performance":[142,185,223],"of":[143,207],"method":[146,210],"different":[148],"real":[149],"scenarios,":[150],"including":[151],"Rayleigh":[152],"Rician":[154],"fading":[155],"channels":[156,218,227],"Shadowing":[158],"Doppler":[160],"effects.":[161],"Our":[162],"simulation":[163],"show":[167,214],"that":[168,215],"DL":[175],"classifier":[176],"provide":[178],"an":[179],"improved":[180],"symbol":[181],"error":[182],"rate":[183],"(SER)":[184],"than":[186],"baseline":[189,228],"classical":[193],"Hamming":[194],"code":[195],"hard":[197],"decision":[198],"decoding.":[199],"Furthermore,":[200],"far":[202],"concerned,":[212],"we":[213],"using":[216],"two":[217],"exceeds":[224],"7":[226],"AE.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}