{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312758157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224773","title":"Control Design and Fault Handling Performance of MMC for MMC-Based DC Distribution System","display_name":"Control Design and Fault Handling Performance of MMC for MMC-Based DC Distribution System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312758157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224773","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09963921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09963921.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065741716","display_name":"Fazal Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazal Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-5300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025760456","display_name":"Haroon Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haroon Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078096580","display_name":"Daniel Westerman Spier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-6328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92621186","display_name":"Acciona (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/04y85wy15","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92621186"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Westerman Spier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department d&#x2019;Enginyeria El&#x00E8;trica, Centre d&#x2019;innovaci&#x00F2; Tecnol&#x00F2;gica en Convertidors Est&#x00E0;tics i Accionaments, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-6328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department d&#x2019;Enginyeria El&#x00E8;trica, Centre d&#x2019;innovaci&#x00F2; Tecnol&#x00F2;gica en Convertidors Est&#x00E0;tics i Accionaments, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92621186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003066648","display_name":"Eduardo Prieto\u2010Araujo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-5923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92621186","display_name":"Acciona (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/04y85wy15","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92621186"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Prieto-Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department d&#x2019;Enginyeria El&#x00E8;trica, Centre d&#x2019;innovaci&#x00F2; Tecnol&#x00F2;gica en Convertidors Est&#x00E0;tics i Accionaments, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-5923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department d&#x2019;Enginyeria El&#x00E8;trica, Centre d&#x2019;innovaci&#x00F2; Tecnol&#x00F2;gica en Convertidors Est&#x00E0;tics i Accionaments, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92621186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091210916","display_name":"Oriol Gomis\u2010Bellmunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92621186","display_name":"Acciona (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/04y85wy15","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92621186"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oriol Gomis Bellmunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department d&#x2019;Enginyeria El&#x00E8;trica, Centre d&#x2019;innovaci&#x00F2; Tecnol&#x00F2;gica en Convertidors Est&#x00E0;tics i Accionaments, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-8278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department d&#x2019;Enginyeria El&#x00E8;trica, Centre d&#x2019;innovaci&#x00F2; Tecnol&#x00F2;gica en Convertidors Est&#x00E0;tics i Accionaments, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92621186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64922872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"126695","last_page":"126711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12491","display_name":"Superconductivity in MgB2 and Alloys","score":0.9370999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12598","display_name":"Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair","score":0.9006999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6695598363876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6231435537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-breaker","display_name":"Circuit breaker","score":0.6106838583946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5931472182273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5019874572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4627087116241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4591201841831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3688962459564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3685302138328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36193740367889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2883588671684265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6695598363876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6231435537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.6106838583946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5931472182273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5019874572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4627087116241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4591201841831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3688962459564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3685302138328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36193740367889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2883588671684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224773","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09963921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19f8cb34dd044eaa816be379a53023ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19f8cb34dd044eaa816be379a53023ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 126695-126711 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/386549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/386549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3224773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3224773","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09963921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322121","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312758157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312758157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1899615182","https://openalex.org/W2015551122","https://openalex.org/W2060533928","https://openalex.org/W2091065431","https://openalex.org/W2148079515","https://openalex.org/W2148895869","https://openalex.org/W2170026376","https://openalex.org/W2320858657","https://openalex.org/W2327593013","https://openalex.org/W2335259606","https://openalex.org/W2344550066","https://openalex.org/W2764310663","https://openalex.org/W2802454146","https://openalex.org/W2897641735","https://openalex.org/W2906817066","https://openalex.org/W2946354548","https://openalex.org/W2981452749","https://openalex.org/W2988119806","https://openalex.org/W3004796402","https://openalex.org/W3128074514","https://openalex.org/W3131245433","https://openalex.org/W3132481093","https://openalex.org/W3139879666","https://openalex.org/W3154225630","https://openalex.org/W3158597070","https://openalex.org/W4205543369","https://openalex.org/W4206128802","https://openalex.org/W4210537471","https://openalex.org/W4213429776","https://openalex.org/W4220788115","https://openalex.org/W4220861553","https://openalex.org/W4220981816","https://openalex.org/W4292807612","https://openalex.org/W6701260707","https://openalex.org/W6995468547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186957643","https://openalex.org/W4313289174","https://openalex.org/W2169296235","https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W2383147444","https://openalex.org/W2772771794","https://openalex.org/W2370462073","https://openalex.org/W2019887508","https://openalex.org/W2359169242","https://openalex.org/W2910131125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modular":[0],"multilevel":[1],"converters":[2],"(MMCs)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,51,93,159,203],"viable":[8,110],"choice":[9],"in":[10,38,62,120,176,193,198,202,205],"future":[11],"DC":[12,26,41,57,71,85,100,114,137,160,167,181,195,199],"grid":[13],"architectures":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,19,53,105,153,162],"their":[17],"scalability":[18],"meet":[20],"voltage":[21],"level":[22],"requirements.":[23],"However,":[24],"MMC-based":[25],"distribution":[27,115],"systems":[28],"are":[29,75,125,171],"at":[30],"risk":[31],"of":[32,69,87,102,112,132,140,150,189],"short-term":[33],"outages":[34],"during":[35],"the":[36,40,46,70,78,82,88,97,103,113,121,129,133,136,141,147,151,179,187,206],"faults":[37,79,119],"either":[39],"or":[42],"AC":[43,55,83,98,123],"networks":[44],"feeding":[45],"MMC,":[47],"so":[48],"it":[49],"remains":[50],"challenge":[52],"accomplish":[54],"and":[56,84,99,108,174,191],"fault":[58],"ride-through":[59],"(FRT)":[60],"capability":[61,139],"such":[63],"applications.":[64],"To":[65],"ensure":[66,106],"stable":[67,107],"operations":[68],"terminals,":[72],"FRT":[73,94,138,161,182],"strategies":[74],"required":[76],"for":[77,96],"on":[80],"both":[81],"sides":[86],"converter.":[89],"This":[90],"paper":[91],"proposes":[92],"strategy":[95],"side":[101],"converter":[104],"economically":[109],"operation":[111],"network.":[116],"The":[117],"asymmetrical":[118],"upstream":[122],"grids":[124],"managed":[126],"by":[127,145,165],"using":[128,166],"integrated":[130],"energy":[131],"MMC.":[134],"Whereas,":[135],"MMC":[142,152],"is":[143],"accomplished":[144],"changing":[146],"redundant":[148],"submodules":[149,155],"full-bridge":[154],"(FBSMs),":[156],"thus":[157],"allowing":[158],"be":[163],"achieved":[164],"circuit":[168,196],"breakers":[169,197],"that":[170],"low":[172],"cost":[173],"reduced":[175,192],"size.":[177],"Applying":[178],"proposed":[180],"strategy,":[183],"which":[184],"makes":[185],"possible":[186],"use":[188],"low-cost":[190],"size":[194],"distribution,":[200],"results":[201],"reduction":[204],"overall":[207],"initial":[208],"investments.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
