{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312242845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223868","title":"Inconsistent Rays in Propagation Prediction by Ray Launching in Rectangular Tunnels","display_name":"Inconsistent Rays in Propagation Prediction by Ray Launching in Rectangular Tunnels","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312242845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3223868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223868","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09956815.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09956815.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059899470","display_name":"Roman Novak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roman Novak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059899470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.490141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"122548","last_page":"122559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9352999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.8148925304412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavefront","display_name":"Wavefront","score":0.6359186768531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-response","display_name":"Impulse response","score":0.5657339096069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5477607846260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49909067153930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ray-tracing","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","score":0.4505111873149872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.4381122589111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.43281054496765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.350151389837265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3490784168243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2529206871986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2232467532157898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8148925304412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.6359186768531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72279823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139726","display_name":"Impulse response","level":2,"score":0.5657339096069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5477607846260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49909067153930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82744980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951513","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","level":3,"score":0.4505111873149872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.4381122589111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43281054496765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.350151389837265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3490784168243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2529206871986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2232467532157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3223868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223868","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09956815.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aba705433b6f44dd9179d6ceade7cc28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aba705433b6f44dd9179d6ceade7cc28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 122548-122559 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3223868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223868","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09956815.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1770108265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2-0016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4417459756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J2-3048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312242845.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312242845.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537866809","https://openalex.org/W1554702733","https://openalex.org/W1635107030","https://openalex.org/W1865176687","https://openalex.org/W1954351671","https://openalex.org/W1955901462","https://openalex.org/W1977453578","https://openalex.org/W2005230278","https://openalex.org/W2014161185","https://openalex.org/W2016254405","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2082115618","https://openalex.org/W2086391199","https://openalex.org/W2110121066","https://openalex.org/W2119062069","https://openalex.org/W2123215129","https://openalex.org/W2127077965","https://openalex.org/W2135240251","https://openalex.org/W2142132410","https://openalex.org/W2142572622","https://openalex.org/W2155346154","https://openalex.org/W2160798798","https://openalex.org/W2772761202","https://openalex.org/W2896919721","https://openalex.org/W2918553796","https://openalex.org/W2921657535","https://openalex.org/W2995500696","https://openalex.org/W3003305875","https://openalex.org/W3006149666","https://openalex.org/W3110121934","https://openalex.org/W3168709721","https://openalex.org/W3170535517","https://openalex.org/W4225107273","https://openalex.org/W6636910305","https://openalex.org/W6772900041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790684390","https://openalex.org/W3163067707","https://openalex.org/W2157260840","https://openalex.org/W2012819262","https://openalex.org/W2538454633","https://openalex.org/W2159421682","https://openalex.org/W3014571735","https://openalex.org/W2362326179","https://openalex.org/W1980536927","https://openalex.org/W2543239617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ray":[0],"tracing":[1,21,54,87],"is":[2,144],"replacing":[3],"the":[4,52,76,83,112,124,142,153,160,173,188,210,223,238],"less":[5,77],"accurate":[6],"statistical":[7],"and":[8,37,198],"empirical":[9],"approaches":[10],"of":[11,51,75,85,150,175,183,192,219],"radio":[12],"channel":[13,195],"modeling.":[14],"Although":[15],"being":[16],"high-frequency":[17],"asymptotic":[18],"method,":[19],"ray":[20,53,86,89,184,234],"has":[22],"been":[23],"shown":[24],"to":[25,29,42,59,68,72,104,111,128,147,213,237],"be":[26,92,231],"mathematically":[27],"equivalent":[28,146],"purely":[30],"analytical":[31],"modal":[32],"methods":[33],"in":[34,94,162,190,201,209,222],"rectangular":[35,203],"tunnels":[36],"waveguides.":[38],"The":[39,169],"equivalence":[40],"applies":[41],"modeling":[43],"reflections":[44],"using":[45],"image":[46],"theory,":[47],"while":[48],"other":[49],"variants":[50],"algorithm":[55],"are":[56,102,167],"still":[57],"subject":[58],"approximation":[60],"errors":[61,189],"that":[62,141],"can":[63,91],"systematically":[64],"add":[65],"up.":[66],"Failure":[67],"recognize":[69],"this":[70],"leads":[71],"indiscriminate":[73],"use":[74,84,174],"appropriate":[78],"algorithmic":[79],"variants.":[80],"In":[81,109],"particular,":[82],"by":[88,233],"launching":[90,235],"questionable":[93],"tunnel":[95,224],"environments,":[96],"at":[97,133,164,225],"least":[98],"when":[99],"characteristic":[100],"sequences":[101],"used":[103],"avoid":[105],"double":[106,148],"counting":[107,149],"errors.":[108],"addition":[110],"known":[113],"path":[114,240],"inaccuracies,":[115],"we":[116],"first":[117],"identify":[118],"previously":[119],"untreated":[120],"inconsistent":[121,154,215],"rays":[122,151,155],"as":[123],"most":[125],"problematic,":[126],"leading":[127],"a":[129,202],"significantly":[130],"overestimated":[131],"signal":[132],"distances":[134],"greater":[135],"than":[136],"100":[137],"m.":[138],"We":[139,186,205],"show":[140],"problem":[143],"not":[145],"since":[152],"represent":[156],"valid":[157],"wavefronts":[158],"for":[159],"points":[161],"space":[163],"which":[165,178],"they":[166],"detected.":[168],"discrepancy":[170],"arises":[171],"from":[172],"reception":[176],"spheres,":[177],"allow":[179],"some":[180],"spatial":[181],"displacement":[182],"paths.":[185],"quantify":[187],"terms":[191],"estimated":[193],"power,":[194],"impulse":[196],"response,":[197],"delay":[199],"spread":[200],"tunnel.":[204],"propose":[206],"an":[207],"improvement":[208],"double-count":[211],"filters":[212],"detect":[214],"rays.":[216],"However,":[217],"evaluation":[218],"signals":[220],"deeper":[221],"frequencies":[226],"below":[227],"1":[228],"GHz":[229],"must":[230],"avoided":[232],"due":[236],"remaining":[239],"inaccuracies.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}