{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312861870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223085","title":"Improved QoS Aware Routing Protocol (IM-QRP) for WBAN Based Healthcare Monitoring System","display_name":"Improved QoS Aware Routing Protocol (IM-QRP) for WBAN Based Healthcare Monitoring System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312861870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3223085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223085","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09954371.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09954371.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504315","display_name":"Naveed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-5905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160842","display_name":"Preston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7xfk26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-5905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047209434","display_name":"Mohammad Daud Awan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160842","display_name":"Preston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7xfk26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Daud Awan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079359530","display_name":"Malik Sikander Hayat Khiyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160842","display_name":"Preston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7xfk26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malik Sikander Hayat Khiyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029226150","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Babar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-428X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089757453","display_name":"Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Khalid University, Asir, Mahayil, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-9100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Khalid University, Asir, Mahayil, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103431802","display_name":"Hamza Awad Hamza Ibrahim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Awad Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer at Al-Gunfudah, Umm-Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer at Al-Gunfudah, Umm-Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072880466","display_name":"Nadir O. Hamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136004","display_name":"University of Bisha","ror":"https://ror.org/040548g92","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadir O. Hamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101504315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160842"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2069,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87584256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"121864","last_page":"121885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.7156489491462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7020444869995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-area-network","display_name":"Body area network","score":0.694638729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6420799493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5182088017463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5025439262390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.46993738412857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4286156892776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.34908491373062134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.7156489491462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7020444869995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88737568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890056","display_name":"Body area network","level":3,"score":0.694638729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6420799493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5182088017463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5025439262390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.46993738412857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4286156892776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.34908491373062134}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3223085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223085","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09954371.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ca309e4743648f4969398c617ca7f3a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ca309e4743648f4969398c617ca7f3a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 121864-121885 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3223085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3223085","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09954371.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312861870.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312861870.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10183435","https://openalex.org/W164950197","https://openalex.org/W196354601","https://openalex.org/W574559408","https://openalex.org/W1522652607","https://openalex.org/W1584102951","https://openalex.org/W1623063956","https://openalex.org/W1964498971","https://openalex.org/W1965648588","https://openalex.org/W1970960052","https://openalex.org/W1979638467","https://openalex.org/W1980257057","https://openalex.org/W1981602019","https://openalex.org/W1983703951","https://openalex.org/W1984456876","https://openalex.org/W2001469457","https://openalex.org/W2013567151","https://openalex.org/W2020859934","https://openalex.org/W2023753626","https://openalex.org/W2034919199","https://openalex.org/W2053584113","https://openalex.org/W2061277462","https://openalex.org/W2075137397","https://openalex.org/W2082853047","https://openalex.org/W2086361891","https://openalex.org/W2088658245","https://openalex.org/W2092019275","https://openalex.org/W2094322006","https://openalex.org/W2107722111","https://openalex.org/W2170577408","https://openalex.org/W2208723654","https://openalex.org/W2214393795","https://openalex.org/W2227237224","https://openalex.org/W2273113005","https://openalex.org/W2329715483","https://openalex.org/W2367459645","https://openalex.org/W2414828388","https://openalex.org/W2499990136","https://openalex.org/W2508207539","https://openalex.org/W2513249704","https://openalex.org/W2519785394","https://openalex.org/W2524171683","https://openalex.org/W2542007558","https://openalex.org/W2547948783","https://openalex.org/W2554015110","https://openalex.org/W2563442889","https://openalex.org/W2565421149","https://openalex.org/W2567915256","https://openalex.org/W2600572357","https://openalex.org/W2741973377","https://openalex.org/W2762941914","https://openalex.org/W2765275233","https://openalex.org/W2806774142","https://openalex.org/W2906977480","https://openalex.org/W2931449386","https://openalex.org/W3012121365","https://openalex.org/W3015758093","https://openalex.org/W3022142576","https://openalex.org/W3037431541","https://openalex.org/W3038975270","https://openalex.org/W3040524288","https://openalex.org/W3135798723","https://openalex.org/W3140433839","https://openalex.org/W3152804902","https://openalex.org/W3156313549","https://openalex.org/W3194477881","https://openalex.org/W3195864318","https://openalex.org/W3197163034","https://openalex.org/W3199681647","https://openalex.org/W3202116359","https://openalex.org/W3207658164","https://openalex.org/W3209695820","https://openalex.org/W4205250538","https://openalex.org/W4205382354","https://openalex.org/W4205941964","https://openalex.org/W4214588941","https://openalex.org/W4229077893","https://openalex.org/W4293678623","https://openalex.org/W4296518655","https://openalex.org/W6729113990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981363742","https://openalex.org/W2394308295","https://openalex.org/W2377549730","https://openalex.org/W2127624627","https://openalex.org/W2063289542","https://openalex.org/W2113588060","https://openalex.org/W2163336333","https://openalex.org/W4238304883","https://openalex.org/W2501242191","https://openalex.org/W2130144002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Body":[1],"Area":[2],"Network":[3,210],"(WBAN)":[4],"is":[5,52,105,121,150,174,211],"a":[6],"special":[7],"purpose":[8],"wireless":[9,126],"sensors":[10,18],"network":[11],"designed":[12],"to":[13,40,54,99,109,156,176,201,217],"connect":[14],"various":[15],"self-autonomous":[16],"medical":[17,220],"and":[19,23,45,95,116,136,168,194,204,226],"appliances":[20],"located":[21],"inside":[22],"outside":[24,213],"of":[25,63,144],"human":[26,30],"body.":[27],"Interests":[28],"in":[29,67,77,82,107,166,183,189,197],"Healthcare":[31],"Monitoring":[32],"System":[33],"(HMS)":[34],"are":[35,85],"based":[36,154],"on":[37,74],"WBAN":[38,153,215],"due":[39],"the":[41,60,111,130,159,214,219],"increasing":[42],"aging":[43],"population":[44],"chronically":[46,163],"ill":[47,164],"patients":[48,112,165],"at":[49],"home.":[50],"HMS":[51,108,155],"expected":[53],"reduce":[55],"healthcare":[56,224],"expenses":[57],"by":[58,123],"enabling":[59],"continuous":[61],"monitoring":[62],"patient\u2019s":[64],"health":[65,221],"remotely":[66,157],"daily":[68],"life":[69],"activities.":[70],"This":[71],"research":[72],"focuses":[73],"routing":[75,83,206],"protocols":[76,84],"WBAN.":[78],"The":[79,171],"major":[80],"problems":[81],"maximum":[86],"energy":[87],"consumption,":[88],"path":[89,184],"loss":[90,185],"ratio,":[91,186],"packet":[92,190],"delivery":[93],"ratio":[94],"maintaining":[96],"stable":[97],"signal":[98],"noise":[100],"ratio.":[101],"Real":[102],"time":[103],"analysis":[104],"required":[106],"support":[110],"through":[113],"doctors,":[114],"caregivers":[115],"hospital":[117],"systems.":[118],"Collected":[119],"data":[120],"relayed":[122],"using":[124],"existing":[125,202],"communication":[127],"schemes":[128],"towards":[129],"access":[131],"point":[132],"for":[133,152,223],"further":[134],"retransmission":[135],"processing.":[137],"In":[138],"this":[139],"research,":[140],"an":[141],"Improved":[142],"Quality":[143],"Service":[145],"aware":[146],"Routing":[147],"Protocol":[148],"(IM-QRP)":[149],"proposed":[151,172],"monitor":[158],"elderly":[160],"people":[161],"or":[162],"hospitals":[167],"residential":[169],"environments.":[170],"protocol":[173],"capable":[175],"improve":[177],"10%":[178,187],"residual":[179],"energy,":[180],"30%":[181],"reduction":[182],"improvement":[188,196],"transmission":[191],"(link":[192],"reliability)":[193],"7%":[195],"SNR":[198],"as":[199],"compared":[200],"CO-LEEBA":[203],"QPRD":[205],"protocols.":[207],"Convolutional":[208],"Neural":[209],"used":[212],"environment":[216],"analyze":[218],"records":[222],"diagnosis":[225],"intelligent":[227],"decision-making.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}