{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312983566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222531","title":"Adversarial Attack Using Sparse Representation of Feature Maps","display_name":"Adversarial Attack Using Sparse Representation of Feature Maps","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312983566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222531","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09953083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09953083.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007379886","display_name":"Maham Jahangir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-7803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maham Jahangir","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003304863","display_name":"Faisal Shafait","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Shafait","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","Deep Learning Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Learning Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007379886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68025015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"120724","last_page":"120734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7724344730377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7264238595962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6778491735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.6172853112220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5699370503425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5379655361175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5101771354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.47352978587150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.4632619023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4268742501735687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3803194761276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35091671347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33856236934661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3216572403907776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7724344730377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7264238595962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6778491735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6172853112220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5699370503425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5379655361175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5101771354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.47352978587150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.4632619023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4268742501735687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3803194761276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35091671347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33856236934661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3216572403907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222531","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09953083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe312ee6c3a94e98b2c8dae5a61ed157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe312ee6c3a94e98b2c8dae5a61ed157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 120724-120734 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222531","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09953083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312983566.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312983566.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594098193","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1827297289","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1963932623","https://openalex.org/W2005876975","https://openalex.org/W2154473820","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2547190925","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2612372205","https://openalex.org/W2789041624","https://openalex.org/W2790361456","https://openalex.org/W2947874337","https://openalex.org/W2953139536","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2963001136","https://openalex.org/W2963693747","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964152294","https://openalex.org/W2982648698","https://openalex.org/W2983044655","https://openalex.org/W2985390828","https://openalex.org/W3006860488","https://openalex.org/W3008307122","https://openalex.org/W3019605839","https://openalex.org/W3034296472","https://openalex.org/W3034643863","https://openalex.org/W3035182590","https://openalex.org/W3035569111","https://openalex.org/W3099756208","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3196681108","https://openalex.org/W4247200422","https://openalex.org/W4293529028","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4294657598","https://openalex.org/W4297749549","https://openalex.org/W6635419406","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6638685980","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6678757208","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685943642","https://openalex.org/W6737443998","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6745272055","https://openalex.org/W6748145856","https://openalex.org/W6748993654","https://openalex.org/W6752654261","https://openalex.org/W6785111086","https://openalex.org/W6800620015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810865670","https://openalex.org/W4302598871","https://openalex.org/W4221157133","https://openalex.org/W3116704888","https://openalex.org/W3046843850","https://openalex.org/W4287181764","https://openalex.org/W4386716251","https://openalex.org/W2963366334","https://openalex.org/W3100506997","https://openalex.org/W4309798066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"can":[3],"be":[4,72],"fooled":[5],"by":[6],"small":[7],"imperceptible":[8],"perturbations":[9,36],"called":[10],"adversarial":[11,27,35,96],"examples.":[12],"Although":[13],"these":[14],"examples":[15,28,97],"are":[16,30,56,61],"carefully":[17],"crafted,":[18],"they":[19],"involve":[20],"two":[21,107],"major":[22],"concerns.":[23],"In":[24,84],"some":[25],"cases,":[26],"generated":[29],"much":[31],"larger":[32],"than":[33],"minimal":[34],"while":[37],"in":[38,76,147,179],"others":[39],"the":[40,53,112,134,162,174,180,188,194],"attack":[41,128,156,178],"method":[42,141],"involves":[43],"an":[44],"extensive":[45],"number":[46],"of":[47,78,102,176,182,187,196],"iterations":[48],"making":[49],"it":[50],"infeasible.":[51],"Moreover,":[52],"sparse":[54,63,95,143],"attacks":[55,69,144],"either":[57],"too":[58],"complex":[59],"or":[60,131],"not":[62],"enough":[64],"to":[65,93,110,161,192],"achieve":[66],"imperceptibility.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"designed":[70],"should":[71],"fast":[73],"and":[74,116,124,185],"minimum":[75],"terms":[77],"\u2113":[79,166],"<sub":[80,167],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[81,168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[82,169],"-norm.":[83,170],"this":[85],"research,":[86],"we":[87,152],"used":[88],"a":[89,150],"dictionary":[90,113],"learning":[91,114],"technique":[92],"generate":[94],"based":[98],"on":[99,122],"feature":[100,117],"maps":[101],"target":[103],"images.":[104],"We":[105,137,171],"present":[106],"novel":[108],"algorithms":[109],"tune":[111],"process":[115],"map":[118],"selection.":[119],"The":[120],"results":[121],"MNIST":[123],"Imagenet":[125],"show":[126],"our":[127,140,177,197],"is":[129],"better":[130],"competitive":[132],"with":[133,142,164],"state-of-the-art":[135,163],"methods.":[136],"also":[138,172],"compared":[139,160],"recently":[145],"introduced":[146],"literature.":[148],"As":[149],"result,":[151],"have":[153],"achieved":[154],"comparable":[155],"success":[157],"rate":[158],"when":[159],"smaller":[165],"tested":[173],"efficacy":[175],"presence":[181],"defense":[183],"mechanisms":[184],"none":[186],"defenses":[189],"were":[190],"able":[191],"combat":[193],"effect":[195],"proposed":[198],"attack.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
