{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313159292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222389","title":"Design and Implementation of a Post-Quantum Group Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol With the LibOQS Library: A Comparative Performance Analysis From Classic McEliece, Kyber, NTRU, and Saber","display_name":"Design and Implementation of a Post-Quantum Group Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol With the LibOQS Library: A Comparative Performance Analysis From Classic McEliece, Kyber, NTRU, and Saber","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313159292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222389","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950501.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950501.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014383508","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Escribano Pablos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-642X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Ignacio Escribano Pablos","raw_affiliation_strings":["MACIMTE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, M&#x00F3;stoles, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-642X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MACIMTE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, M&#x00F3;stoles, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037031409","display_name":"Misael E. Marriaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-8593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misael Enrique Marriaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["MACIMTE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, M&#x00F3;stoles, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-8593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MACIMTE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, M&#x00F3;stoles, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008865070","display_name":"\u00c1ngel L. P\u00e9rez del Pozo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel L. Perez del Pozo","raw_affiliation_strings":["MACIMTE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, M&#x00F3;stoles, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-9642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MACIMTE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, M&#x00F3;stoles, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2841,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81574173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"120951","last_page":"120983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7682512998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7528097033500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5827579498291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4862290918827057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.48076483607292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-encapsulation","display_name":"Key encapsulation","score":0.47635769844055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","score":0.4482281506061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.42792755365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.4071793854236603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32017314434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.20152536034584045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7682512998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7528097033500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5827579498291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4862290918827057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.48076483607292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35181327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398156","display_name":"Key encapsulation","level":5,"score":0.47635769844055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108277079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233576","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.4482281506061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.42792755365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.4071793854236603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32017314434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.20152536034584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222389","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950501.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:223fdc3d788f4961a16029aa69e21b33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/223fdc3d788f4961a16029aa69e21b33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 120951-120983 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222389","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950501.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5867055240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-109379RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7556487421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G5448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307849","funder_display_name":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307849","display_name":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05xagc088"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313159292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313159292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25261110","https://openalex.org/W1518174933","https://openalex.org/W1675339804","https://openalex.org/W1709517452","https://openalex.org/W2002579292","https://openalex.org/W2051510359","https://openalex.org/W2086415583","https://openalex.org/W2108113591","https://openalex.org/W2124926080","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2157679418","https://openalex.org/W2767399671","https://openalex.org/W2796314191","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2903118282","https://openalex.org/W2962284902","https://openalex.org/W2991456224","https://openalex.org/W3004039229","https://openalex.org/W3022018403","https://openalex.org/W3023177310","https://openalex.org/W3093953633","https://openalex.org/W3094406502","https://openalex.org/W3126611119","https://openalex.org/W3150635270","https://openalex.org/W3160004691","https://openalex.org/W3172550433","https://openalex.org/W4206549240","https://openalex.org/W4242800683","https://openalex.org/W4390865640","https://openalex.org/W6601021267","https://openalex.org/W6746242683","https://openalex.org/W6790206559","https://openalex.org/W6797158879","https://openalex.org/W6860782863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948977325","https://openalex.org/W3116367236","https://openalex.org/W3094954003","https://openalex.org/W2751458639","https://openalex.org/W4206167827","https://openalex.org/W2229809156","https://openalex.org/W4296458422","https://openalex.org/W2123811836","https://openalex.org/W3009555975","https://openalex.org/W3168932674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Group":[0],"authenticated":[1],"key":[2,105],"exchange":[3],"protocols":[4,61],"(GAKE)":[5],"are":[6,152],"cryptographic":[7,36],"tools":[8,37],"enabling":[9],"a":[10,23,97,157,182,203],"group":[11],"of":[12,44,60,144,162,185],"several":[13],"users":[14],"communicating":[15],"through":[16],"an":[17,81],"insecure":[18],"channel":[19],"to":[20,34,48,65,84],"securely":[21],"establish":[22],"common":[24],"shared":[25],"high-entropy":[26],"key.":[27],"In":[28,92],"the":[29,32,42,54,111,128,133,145,163,171,176,187,192],"last":[30],"years,":[31],"need":[33],"design":[35,96],"which":[38],"provide":[39],"security":[40,113],"in":[41,79,175],"presence":[43],"attackers":[45],"with":[46,57,103,127,202,207],"access":[47],"quantum":[49],"resources":[50],"has":[51],"become":[52],"unquestionable;":[53],"field":[55],"dealing":[56],"these":[58,150],"types":[59],"is":[62],"usually":[63],"referred":[64],"as":[66],"Post-Quantum":[67],"Cryptography.":[68],"The":[69],"U.S.":[70],"National":[71],"Institute":[72],"for":[73,90,119],"Standards":[74],"and":[75,140],"Technology":[76],"(NIST)":[77],"launched":[78],"2017":[80],"open":[82],"call":[83],"find":[85],"suitable":[86],"post-quantum":[87],"public-key":[88],"algorithms":[89,151],"standardization.":[91],"this":[93,120],"work,":[94],"we":[95,197],"GAKE":[98,126,165,201],"that":[99,109],"can":[100],"be":[101],"instantiated":[102],"any":[104],"encapsulation":[106],"mechanism":[107],"(KEM)":[108],"satisfies":[110],"strong":[112],"notion":[114],"IND-CCA,":[115],"matching":[116],"NIST\u2019s":[117],"requirements":[118],"primitive.":[121],"We":[122,154,178],"have":[123,155,179],"implemented":[124,206],"our":[125,200],"four":[129,193],"finalist":[130,194],"KEMs":[131],"from":[132],"NIST":[134],"process:":[135],"Classic":[136],"McEliece,":[137],"Kyber,":[138],"NTRU,":[139],"Saber,":[141],"making":[142],"use":[143],"open-source":[146],"library":[147],"LibOQS":[148],"where":[149],"provided.":[153],"conducted":[156],"detailed":[158],"comparative":[159],"performance":[160,183],"analysis":[161,184],"resulting":[164],"protocols,":[166],"taking":[167],"into":[168],"account":[169],"all":[170,186],"parameter":[172],"sets":[173],"proposed":[174],"submissions.":[177],"also":[180,198],"made":[181],"involved":[188],"building":[189],"pieces,":[190],"including":[191],"KEMs.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"compare":[199],"previous":[204],"proposal":[205],"Kyber.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
