{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312975952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222346","title":"A General Framework for Accelerator Management Based on ISA Extension","display_name":"A General Framework for Accelerator Management Based on ISA Extension","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312975952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222346","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950481.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020862455","display_name":"Elham Cheshmikhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elham Cheshmikhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-683X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021283515","display_name":"Biagio Peccerillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-0092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biagio Peccerillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-0092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001351683","display_name":"Andrea Mondelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-7081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Mondelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Research & Development (UK) Limited, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Research & Development (UK) Limited, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047011963","display_name":"Sandro Bartolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-3632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Bartolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020862455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3995,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80821672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"120702","last_page":"120713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.861577033996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.5548633933067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5071365833282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.47390663623809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.44622886180877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.42727723717689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3955379128456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.27985215187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.25900334119796753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.861577033996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.5548633933067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5071365833282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.47390663623809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.44622886180877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.42727723717689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3955379128456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.27985215187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.25900334119796753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222346","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:377ee967019445abb0a2b4a3d99d0e80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/377ee967019445abb0a2b4a3d99d0e80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 120702-120713 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/1228595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1228595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3222346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3222346","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09950481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312975952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312975952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505284028","https://openalex.org/W1591782530","https://openalex.org/W1764493129","https://openalex.org/W2019254738","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2089162427","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2126404041","https://openalex.org/W2164285156","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2195228161","https://openalex.org/W2515287984","https://openalex.org/W2610956245","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2626953429","https://openalex.org/W2759541633","https://openalex.org/W2805617298","https://openalex.org/W2811162328","https://openalex.org/W2884159178","https://openalex.org/W2912012512","https://openalex.org/W3021991761","https://openalex.org/W3036079062","https://openalex.org/W3042944763","https://openalex.org/W3090341207","https://openalex.org/W3102724434","https://openalex.org/W3154764001","https://openalex.org/W4293149165","https://openalex.org/W6794032630","https://openalex.org/W7062553951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998013902","https://openalex.org/W2550108858","https://openalex.org/W1781968824","https://openalex.org/W4247993032","https://openalex.org/W2117274229","https://openalex.org/W2125503095","https://openalex.org/W1963867998","https://openalex.org/W3002622661","https://openalex.org/W2058198174","https://openalex.org/W3145476088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thanks":[0],"to":[1,60,116,132,139,209,255,264],"the":[2,28,35,82,107,123,153,167,173,177,181,196,211,218,223,246,262,270,282,285,289,301],"promised":[3],"improvements":[4],"in":[5,15,20,27,145],"performance":[6,247],"and":[7,24,48,64,76,96,151,166,176,234,288,310],"energy":[8],"efficiency,":[9],"hardware":[10,42,182,305],"accelerators":[11,138,193,233,268,293],"are":[12],"taking":[13],"momentum":[14],"many":[16,32,45],"computing":[17],"contexts,":[18],"both":[19],"terms":[21],"of":[22,31,84,122,126,136,161,191,277,284,303],"variety":[23],"relative":[25],"weight":[26],"silicon":[29],"area":[30,309],"chips.":[33],"Commonly,":[34],"way":[36],"an":[37],"application":[38],"interacts":[39],"with":[40,238,253,269],"these":[41,137],"modules":[43],"has":[44],"accelerator-specific":[46],"traits":[47],"requires":[49],"ad-hoc":[50],"drivers":[51],"that":[52,110,171,205,300],"usually":[53],"rely":[54],"on":[55,100,217,307],"potentially":[56],"expensive":[57],"system":[58],"calls":[59],"manage":[61],"accelerator":[62],"resources":[63],"access":[65],"orchestration.":[66],"As":[67],"a":[68,94,118,162,188,239],"consequence,":[69],"driver-based":[70,241,292],"interfacing":[71,237],"is":[72,129,201,207,313],"far":[73],"from":[74,195],"uniform":[75,95],"can":[77],"expose":[78],"high":[79],"latency,":[80],"limiting":[81],"set":[83],"tasks":[85],"suitable":[86],"for":[87,291],"acceleration.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"low-latency":[97],"interface":[98,174],"based":[99],"Instruction":[101],"Set":[102],"Architecture":[103],"(ISA)":[104],"extension.":[105],"All":[106],"previous":[108],"studies":[109],"proposed":[111,158,199],"extensions,":[112],"were":[113],"deeply":[114],"tailored":[115],"address":[117],"single":[119],"accelerator.":[120],"One":[121],"biggest":[124],"disadvantages":[125],"those":[127],"methods":[128],"their":[130],"inability":[131],"scale.":[133],"Adding":[134],"more":[135],"one":[140],"System-on-Chip":[141],"(SoC)":[142],"would":[143],"result":[144],"ISA":[146,164],"bloat,":[147],"increasing":[148],"power":[149,311],"consumption":[150,312],"complexifying":[152],"decoding":[154],"phase":[155],"proportionally.":[156],"Our":[157,184],"framework":[159,200],"consists":[160],"six-instruction":[163],"extension":[165],"corresponding":[168],"architectural":[169],"support":[170,266],"implements":[172],"abstraction":[175],"reservation":[178],"logic":[179],"at":[180],"level.":[183],"proposal":[185],"allows":[186],"controlling":[187],"broad":[189],"class":[190],"integrated":[192],"directly":[194],"CPU.":[197],"The":[198,243,273],"ISA-independent,":[202],"which":[203],"means":[204],"it":[206,216,228],"applicable":[208],"all":[210],"existing":[212],"ISAs.":[213],"We":[214,226,297],"implement":[215],"gem5":[219],"simulator":[220],"by":[221,229,250],"extending":[222],"RISC-V":[224],"ISA.":[225],"evaluate":[227],"simulating":[230],"three":[231],"compute-intensive":[232],"comparing":[235],"our":[236,251,278],"conventional":[240],"one.":[242],"benchmarks":[244],"highlight":[245],"benefits":[248],"brought":[249],"framework,":[252],"up":[254,275],"10.38x":[256],"speed":[257,274],"up,":[258],"as":[259,261,281],"well":[260],"ability":[263],"seamlessly":[265],"different":[267],"same":[271],"interface.":[272],"advantage":[276],"technique":[279],"diminishes":[280],"granularity":[283],"workloads":[286],"increases":[287],"overhead":[290],"becomes":[294],"less":[295],"important.":[296],"also":[298],"show":[299],"impact":[302],"its":[304],"components":[306],"chip":[308],"limited.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}