{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312579005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221813","title":"Gait-Based Continuous Authentication Using a Novel Sensor Compensation Algorithm and Geometric Features Extracted From Wearable Sensors","display_name":"Gait-Based Continuous Authentication Using a Novel Sensor Compensation Algorithm and Geometric Features Extracted From Wearable Sensors","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312579005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3221813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221813","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947076.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007546181","display_name":"Soobin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-6563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soobin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-6563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678621","display_name":"Seungjae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-7347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungjae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084821259","display_name":"Eunkyoung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunkyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Mechatronics Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-0250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Mechatronics Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047095948","display_name":"Jongshill Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongshill Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740474","display_name":"In Young Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-7074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In Young Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-7074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78697574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"120122","last_page":"120135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7962456941604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7154459357261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7054147720336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7041937112808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.653282880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6026011109352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.5558345913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.43655213713645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.432186484336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42402809858322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42307043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41542309522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41468656063079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3583570122718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.29681965708732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19462287425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.06890150904655457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7962456941604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7154459357261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7054147720336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7041937112808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.653282880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6026011109352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5558345913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.43655213713645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.432186484336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42402809858322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42307043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41542309522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41468656063079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3583570122718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.29681965708732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19462287425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.06890150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3221813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221813","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be4fc71582864cf7bef6b2d617094b76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be4fc71582864cf7bef6b2d617094b76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 120122-120135 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3221813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221813","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7476987301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1I1A1A01055813","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321142","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312579005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312579005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297909767","https://openalex.org/W819707303","https://openalex.org/W1516653016","https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W1583700199","https://openalex.org/W1626992774","https://openalex.org/W1782099457","https://openalex.org/W1840637580","https://openalex.org/W1979856851","https://openalex.org/W1986077389","https://openalex.org/W1997131852","https://openalex.org/W2020405099","https://openalex.org/W2027539209","https://openalex.org/W2039031286","https://openalex.org/W2045462474","https://openalex.org/W2045844656","https://openalex.org/W2106953071","https://openalex.org/W2111303254","https://openalex.org/W2126680226","https://openalex.org/W2159270577","https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W2160146756","https://openalex.org/W2169908475","https://openalex.org/W2201408361","https://openalex.org/W2257985229","https://openalex.org/W2265387843","https://openalex.org/W2309693750","https://openalex.org/W2403411777","https://openalex.org/W2493433708","https://openalex.org/W2549909981","https://openalex.org/W2787714893","https://openalex.org/W2802468168","https://openalex.org/W2884068903","https://openalex.org/W2955299013","https://openalex.org/W2971612532","https://openalex.org/W2990605185","https://openalex.org/W3081559749","https://openalex.org/W3103464150","https://openalex.org/W3123444287","https://openalex.org/W3157775549","https://openalex.org/W3216409405","https://openalex.org/W6623247700","https://openalex.org/W6636759762","https://openalex.org/W6713607074","https://openalex.org/W6723493009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185413894","https://openalex.org/W1905194803","https://openalex.org/W2137411393","https://openalex.org/W1923394858","https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2931897859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,86,112,128,137,150,199],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,33,102,130,182,193],"networking":[5],"and":[6,13,62,89,114,185,187,196,208],"computing":[7],"technology,":[8],"users":[9],"can":[10,67],"easily":[11],"store":[12],"interact":[14],"with":[15],"sensitive":[16],"information":[17,35],"on":[18,111],"smart":[19,22,53],"devices.":[20,54],"Since":[21],"devices":[23],"are":[24],"vulnerable":[25],"to":[26,94,169],"unauthorized":[27],"access":[28],"or":[29,48],"theft,":[30],"security":[32],"personal":[34],"is":[36,42],"becoming":[37],"more":[38],"important.":[39],"Gait":[40],"authentication":[41,69,97,178],"attracting":[43],"attention":[44],"as":[45,59],"a":[46,74,144,156],"continuous":[47],"unconscious":[49],"biometrics":[50],"method":[51],"for":[52,127,198],"However,":[55],"various":[56,80],"factors,":[57],"such":[58],"gait":[60,103,131,146,173,177],"variability":[61],"sensor":[63,75,139,152],"state":[64],"by":[65,148],"day,":[66],"degrade":[68],"performance.":[70,98],"This":[71],"study":[72],"proposed":[73,138,176],"compensation":[76,140],"algorithm":[77,141],"that":[78,82,136],"overcomes":[79],"factors":[81],"may":[83],"occur":[84],"in":[85],"real":[87],"world":[88],"new":[90],"2D":[91,162],"cyclogram":[92,163],"features":[93],"improve":[95],"user":[96],"The":[99,133,175],"dataset":[100],"consists":[101],"data":[104],"from":[105],"20":[106],"people":[107],"wearing":[108],"wearable":[109],"sensors":[110],"wrist":[113],"thigh":[115],"over":[116],"3":[117],"days.":[118],"A":[119],"support":[120],"vector":[121],"machine":[122],"(SVM)":[123],"model":[124],"was":[125],"used":[126,168],"classification":[129],"authentication.":[132],"results":[134],"showed":[135],"could":[142,166],"obtain":[143],"consistent":[145],"signal":[147],"transforming":[149],"unstable":[151],"coordinate":[153,159],"system":[154],"into":[155],"stable":[157],"anatomical":[158],"system.":[160],"Also,":[161],"feature":[164],"sets":[165],"be":[167],"effectively":[170],"discriminate":[171],"individual":[172],"patterns.":[174],"has":[179],"an":[180,188],"accuracy":[181],"99.63%,":[183],"94.16%,":[184],"94.2%":[186],"equal":[189],"error":[190],"rate":[191],"(EER)":[192],"0.3%,":[194],"5.84%,":[195],"5.8%":[197],"same":[200],"session":[201],"(day":[202,206,211],"1),":[203],"cross":[204,209],"session1":[205],"2),":[207],"session2":[210],"3),":[212],"respectively.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
