{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313149690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221751","title":"Evaluation of Hand-Scaling Skills of Dental Hygienist Students: Identification of Contact Between Hand-Scaler Blade Tip and Tooth Surface","display_name":"Evaluation of Hand-Scaling Skills of Dental Hygienist Students: Identification of Contact Between Hand-Scaler Blade Tip and Tooth Surface","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313149690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3221751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221751","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947087.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001451242","display_name":"Tomoko Yui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomoko Yui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-4871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051982033","display_name":"Sung-Gwi Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-9936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165522056","display_name":"Tokyo Denki University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pa62v70","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165522056"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Gwi Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","Division of Electronic Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-9936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165522056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102999590","display_name":"Yuki Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-8017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6178835","display_name":"Ibaraki University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sjd5653","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6178835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6178835","https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044825788","display_name":"Yasuaki Orita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuaki Orita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606824","display_name":"Ming Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-5772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-5772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047085140","display_name":"Jun Takamatsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-2878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Takamatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085209922","display_name":"Takahiro Wada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-8903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Wada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-8903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044340470","display_name":"Tsukasa Ogasawara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-6039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsukasa Ogasawara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-6039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001451242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3451,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67624282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"120640","last_page":"120649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12439","display_name":"Dental Research and COVID-19","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12439","display_name":"Dental Research and COVID-19","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade","display_name":"Blade (archaeology)","score":0.5794196724891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-force","display_name":"Contact force","score":0.5276138782501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.511361300945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5014455318450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4621020555496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4223434031009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3498513102531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2793847918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22846734523773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18557459115982056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045036","display_name":"Blade (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5794196724891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81302111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916417","display_name":"Contact force","level":2,"score":0.5276138782501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.511361300945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5014455318450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4621020555496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4223434031009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3498513102531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2793847918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22846734523773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18557459115982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3221751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221751","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e195100081b403781deb2d4f0448c37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e195100081b403781deb2d4f0448c37","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 120640-120649 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01146:0006308206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://naist.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3221751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3221751","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09947087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6113589447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2207008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327431","funder_display_name":"Tateishi Science and Technology Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327431","display_name":"Tateishi Science and Technology Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313149690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313149690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W301056806","https://openalex.org/W1536406305","https://openalex.org/W1792576456","https://openalex.org/W1995757516","https://openalex.org/W2001269201","https://openalex.org/W2043857563","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2132115381","https://openalex.org/W2159096210","https://openalex.org/W2170202608","https://openalex.org/W2275962084","https://openalex.org/W2319084577","https://openalex.org/W2321634650","https://openalex.org/W2406420920","https://openalex.org/W2560912781","https://openalex.org/W2783097902","https://openalex.org/W2803600673","https://openalex.org/W2945292029","https://openalex.org/W2949372045","https://openalex.org/W3003179103","https://openalex.org/W3082454332","https://openalex.org/W3139792286","https://openalex.org/W4213226755","https://openalex.org/W6610661550","https://openalex.org/W6637952860","https://openalex.org/W7073633567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335255251","https://openalex.org/W2091018038","https://openalex.org/W2505833876","https://openalex.org/W2281168849","https://openalex.org/W2320248591","https://openalex.org/W2225378543","https://openalex.org/W2620727467","https://openalex.org/W4287122200","https://openalex.org/W2655564095","https://openalex.org/W9839718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dental":[0],"hygienist":[1],"students":[2],"require":[3],"a":[4,58,85,154,232],"self-learning":[5],"simulator":[6,234],"to":[7,56,60,80,89,106,115],"learn":[8],"the":[9,21,26,29,33,44,50,62,67,70,81,90,108,113,117,123,128,131,139,163,171,180,185,197,210,218,223,228,241],"correctness":[10],"of":[11,23,28,66,112,122,144,147,177,230],"hand-scaling":[12,94],"techniques.":[13],"An":[14],"essential":[15],"technique":[16],"in":[17,98,101,239],"hand":[18,82],"scaling":[19],"is":[20],"maintenance":[22],"contact":[24,42,64,116,120,172,225],"between":[25],"tip":[27,109,129],"hand-scaler":[30],"blade":[31,68,114],"and":[32,46,84,141,150],"tooth.":[34,92,118],"However,":[35],"imaging-based":[36],"methods":[37],"cannot":[38],"effectively":[39],"reveal":[40],"this":[41,53],"because":[43],"gingiva":[45],"buccal":[47],"mucosa":[48],"conceal":[49],"blade.":[51],"Therefore,":[52],"study":[54],"aimed":[55],"propose":[57],"method":[59],"identify":[61,222],"appropriate":[63],"state":[65,121,173],"with":[69,153,174,184,199,206],"tooth":[71],"by":[72],"using":[73,135,165],"an":[74,99,175],"inertial":[75],"measurement":[76],"unit":[77],"(IMU)":[78],"attached":[79,88],"scaler":[83],"force":[86,211],"sensor":[87,212],"target":[91],"The":[93,119,159,202],"motion":[95],"was":[96,127,133,182,192,204],"measured":[97],"experiment":[100],"which":[102,191],"participants":[103],"were":[104],"instructed":[105],"use":[107],"or":[110,130],"middle":[111],"blade,":[124],"whether":[125],"it":[126],"middle,":[132],"identified":[134],"18":[136,167,200],"features,":[137],"including":[138],"average":[140],"standard":[142],"deviation":[143],"nine":[145],"dimensions":[146],"force,":[148],"acceleration,":[149],"angular":[151],"velocity":[152],"support":[155],"vector":[156],"machine":[157],"(SVM).":[158],"results":[160,215],"showed":[161],"that":[162,217],"model":[164],"all":[166],"features":[168,187,208],"could":[169],"classify":[170],"accuracy":[176,181,198,203],"97.1%.":[178],"Furthermore,":[179],"95.9%":[183],"12":[186],"from":[188,196,209],"IMU":[189,219],"alone,":[190],"not":[193],"significantly":[194],"different":[195],"features.":[201],"88.8%":[205],"six":[207],"alone.":[213],"These":[214],"indicate":[216],"alone":[220],"can":[221],"correct":[224],"state,":[226],"highlighting":[227],"possibility":[229],"creating":[231],"realistic":[233],"for":[235],"training":[236],"dental":[237],"hygienists":[238],"evaluating":[240],"blade-contact":[242],"state.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
