{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312449667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218715","title":"An Adversarial Perspective on Accuracy, Robustness, Fairness, and Privacy: Multilateral-Tradeoffs in Trustworthy ML","display_name":"An Adversarial Perspective on Accuracy, Robustness, Fairness, and Privacy: Multilateral-Tradeoffs in Trustworthy ML","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312449667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218715","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933776.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038646656","display_name":"Alex Gittens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-0157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Gittens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science Lally 310, 110 Eighth Street Troy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-0157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science Lally 310, 110 Eighth Street Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676361","display_name":"B\u00fclent Yener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bulent Yener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science Lally 310, 110 Eighth Street Troy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science Lally 310, 110 Eighth Street Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030243906","display_name":"Moti Yung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moti Yung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC, New York, NY, USA","Google LLC. 111 8th Avenue New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC. 111 8th Avenue New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83417174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"120850","last_page":"120865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8232244849205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.761816143989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6993797421455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6189412474632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5194289684295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.49429774284362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.47197848558425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.369967520236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3569698929786682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8232244849205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761816143989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6993797421455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6189412474632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5194289684295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49429774284362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.47197848558425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.369967520236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3569698929786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218715","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc99fc1eee31462ba87a6bfb9ab06221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc99fc1eee31462ba87a6bfb9ab06221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 120850-120865 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218715","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312449667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312449667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":149,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55681943","https://openalex.org/W1557855942","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1892947258","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1992926795","https://openalex.org/W2042946599","https://openalex.org/W2053801139","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2152431454","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2599025709","https://openalex.org/W2620038827","https://openalex.org/W2753845591","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2774813088","https://openalex.org/W2795435272","https://openalex.org/W2805065316","https://openalex.org/W2809878087","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2885305518","https://openalex.org/W2892090366","https://openalex.org/W2904642422","https://openalex.org/W2913266441","https://openalex.org/W2946363484","https://openalex.org/W2946775612","https://openalex.org/W2950048339","https://openalex.org/W2952437217","https://openalex.org/W2962710014","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2962977061","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963695762","https://openalex.org/W2963744840","https://openalex.org/W2963853071","https://openalex.org/W2963917042","https://openalex.org/W2963952467","https://openalex.org/W2964060106","https://openalex.org/W2964116600","https://openalex.org/W2964197269","https://openalex.org/W2965119030","https://openalex.org/W2972124466","https://openalex.org/W2996800219","https://openalex.org/W3008145398","https://openalex.org/W3009542902","https://openalex.org/W3016000170","https://openalex.org/W3018763859","https://openalex.org/W3030081171","https://openalex.org/W3033813548","https://openalex.org/W3034389259","https://openalex.org/W3035032188","https://openalex.org/W3035723985","https://openalex.org/W3035729345","https://openalex.org/W3042135962","https://openalex.org/W3094905075","https://openalex.org/W3104224589","https://openalex.org/W3105507489","https://openalex.org/W3111505403","https://openalex.org/W3111630915","https://openalex.org/W3116515605","https://openalex.org/W3134501548","https://openalex.org/W3135588948","https://openalex.org/W3155800047","https://openalex.org/W3165388686","https://openalex.org/W3166842523","https://openalex.org/W3168784243","https://openalex.org/W3169043433","https://openalex.org/W3170639959","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3200256144","https://openalex.org/W3211490561","https://openalex.org/W3215162161","https://openalex.org/W4200394902","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4205806204","https://openalex.org/W4207057807","https://openalex.org/W4214835294","https://openalex.org/W4221149776","https://openalex.org/W4223635237","https://openalex.org/W4225137236","https://openalex.org/W4229442586","https://openalex.org/W4287124863","https://openalex.org/W4287637349","https://openalex.org/W4287640040","https://openalex.org/W4287825939","https://openalex.org/W4288102238","https://openalex.org/W4288287305","https://openalex.org/W4288346602","https://openalex.org/W4289129244","https://openalex.org/W4289147935","https://openalex.org/W4289549563","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4298140072","https://openalex.org/W4298201312","https://openalex.org/W4386564359","https://openalex.org/W4386564360","https://openalex.org/W6602201320","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6651608069","https://openalex.org/W6704452171","https://openalex.org/W6712503630","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6743732567","https://openalex.org/W6744110554","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6746484425","https://openalex.org/W6748204703","https://openalex.org/W6748799766","https://openalex.org/W6750462152","https://openalex.org/W6754558403","https://openalex.org/W6755310938","https://openalex.org/W6756847103","https://openalex.org/W6758684365","https://openalex.org/W6759129252","https://openalex.org/W6763192249","https://openalex.org/W6765285020","https://openalex.org/W6765646913","https://openalex.org/W6765858885","https://openalex.org/W6766049830","https://openalex.org/W6766396606","https://openalex.org/W6767826680","https://openalex.org/W6767919460","https://openalex.org/W6773705132","https://openalex.org/W6774469542","https://openalex.org/W6774681163","https://openalex.org/W6775615957","https://openalex.org/W6776489473","https://openalex.org/W6778271016","https://openalex.org/W6779175288","https://openalex.org/W6779471475","https://openalex.org/W6779715625","https://openalex.org/W6780154528","https://openalex.org/W6780983157","https://openalex.org/W6784392697","https://openalex.org/W6784493056","https://openalex.org/W6784808856","https://openalex.org/W6785376646","https://openalex.org/W6787257153","https://openalex.org/W6795994632","https://openalex.org/W6796285927","https://openalex.org/W6796517238","https://openalex.org/W6797239318","https://openalex.org/W6804359802","https://openalex.org/W6809840490","https://openalex.org/W6809922076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W4320018150","https://openalex.org/W2040808657","https://openalex.org/W2918664383","https://openalex.org/W4320855730","https://openalex.org/W106056076","https://openalex.org/W2135200719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model":[0],"accuracy":[1],"is":[2,56,179,188,219],"the":[3,39,63,69,78,83,108,111,114,130,154,166,171,183,223,227,242],"traditional":[4],"metric":[5],"employed":[6],"in":[7,31,68,92,116,129,168,176,241],"machine":[8],"learning":[9,202],"(ML)":[10],"applications.":[11],"However,":[12,74],"privacy,":[13],"fairness,":[14],"and":[15,27,47,60,82,123,127,199,211],"robustness":[16],"guarantees":[17],"are":[18,80,150,203],"crucial":[19],"as":[20,205],"ML":[21,187,218],"algorithms":[22],"increasingly":[23],"pervade":[24],"our":[25],"lives":[26],"play":[28],"central":[29],"roles":[30],"socially":[32],"important":[33],"systems.":[34],"These":[35],"four":[36],"desiderata":[37,67,79],"constitute":[38],"pillars":[40,102],"of":[41,71,107,113,132,139,146,156,165,173,208,229,244],"<italic":[42],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[43],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Trustworthy":[44],"ML</i>":[45],"(TML)":[46],"may":[48,136],"mutually":[49],"inhibit":[50],"or":[51],"reinforce":[52],"each":[53,87],"other.":[54],"It":[55],"necessary":[57],"to":[58,89,152,159,190,195,221,237],"understand":[59],"clearly":[61],"delineate":[62],"trade-offs":[64,91],"among":[65],"these":[66],"presence":[70,131],"adversarial":[72,95],"attacks.":[73],"threat":[75,214],"models":[76],"for":[77,86,216],"different":[81],"defenses":[84],"introduced":[85,204,220,225],"leads":[88],"further":[90],"a":[93,98,192,212,245],"multilateral":[94,121,141],"setting":[96,99],"(i.e.,":[97],"attacking":[100],"several":[101],"simultaneously).":[103],"The":[104,143,162,232],"first":[105],"half":[106,164],"paper":[109,233],"reviews":[110],"state":[112],"art":[115],"TML":[117,149,247],"research,":[118],"articulates":[119],"known":[120],"trade-offs,":[122],"identifies":[124],"open":[125],"problems":[126],"challenges":[128],"an":[133],"adversary":[134],"that":[135,185],"take":[137],"advantage":[138],"such":[140],"trade-offs.":[142],"fundamental":[144],"shortcomings":[145],"statistical":[147],"association-based":[148],"discussed,":[151],"motivate":[153],"use":[155,172,228],"causal":[157,174,186,200,209,217,230,246],"methods":[158],"achieve":[160],"TML.":[161,177,196],"second":[163],"paper,":[167],"turn,":[169],"advocates":[170],"modeling":[175],"Evidence":[178],"collected":[180],"from":[181],"across":[182],"literature":[184],"well-suited":[189],"provide":[191],"unified":[193],"approach":[194],"Causal":[197],"discovery":[198],"representation":[201],"essential":[206],"stages":[207],"modeling,":[210],"new":[213],"model":[215],"quantify":[222],"vulnerabilities":[224],"through":[226],"methods.":[231],"concludes":[234],"with":[235],"pointers":[236],"possible":[238],"next":[239],"steps":[240],"development":[243],"pipeline.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}