{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313040808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218675","title":"A <i>Q</i>-Learning Approach for Real-Time NOMA Scheduling of Medical Data in UAV-Aided WBANs","display_name":"A <i>Q</i>-Learning Approach for Real-Time NOMA Scheduling of Medical Data in UAV-Aided WBANs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313040808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218675","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933749.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026904724","display_name":"Zeinab Askari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeinab Askari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, WINEL Research Group, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, WINEL Research Group, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013844176","display_name":"Jamshid Abouei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-6100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamshid Abouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, WINEL Research Group, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, WINEL Research Group, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088631236","display_name":"Muhammad Jaseemuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-1436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Jaseemuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074463174","display_name":"Alagan Anpalagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-6052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alagan Anpalagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059152392","display_name":"Konstantinos N. Plataniotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-5473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos N. Plataniotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026904724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.3867,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91888312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"115074","last_page":"115091"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8332785367965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5797127485275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5394865274429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5331931114196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.517481803894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5150625109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.49477046728134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.49374470114707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43387091159820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4303593933582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42824786901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13523530960083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.11070546507835388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8332785367965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5797127485275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5394865274429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5331931114196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.517481803894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5150625109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.49477046728134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.49374470114707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43387091159820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4303593933582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42824786901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13523530960083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.11070546507835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218675","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d63e1eefa06743ebaa3e7a88d5ae70db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d63e1eefa06743ebaa3e7a88d5ae70db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 115074-115091 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218675","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313040808.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313040808.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2140405352","https://openalex.org/W2160762680","https://openalex.org/W2790256744","https://openalex.org/W2907378572","https://openalex.org/W2910160728","https://openalex.org/W2947866473","https://openalex.org/W2952736579","https://openalex.org/W2963133483","https://openalex.org/W2963555336","https://openalex.org/W2973394143","https://openalex.org/W2973628098","https://openalex.org/W2980412543","https://openalex.org/W3034696662","https://openalex.org/W3036252686","https://openalex.org/W3040668711","https://openalex.org/W3046186337","https://openalex.org/W3048859271","https://openalex.org/W3082642375","https://openalex.org/W3090573937","https://openalex.org/W3110885177","https://openalex.org/W3116877868","https://openalex.org/W3130822615","https://openalex.org/W3167199889","https://openalex.org/W4225892559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W426968574","https://openalex.org/W2365639220","https://openalex.org/W2382520895","https://openalex.org/W2393709043","https://openalex.org/W2080567403","https://openalex.org/W2539387137","https://openalex.org/W2374952201","https://openalex.org/W2374808384","https://openalex.org/W2111773953","https://openalex.org/W2545824446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"Aerial":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"have":[4,151],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,102],"a":[7,60,89,178],"flexible":[8],"and":[9,65,159,212],"cost-effective":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12,42,58,140],"remote":[13,75],"monitoring":[14,76],"of":[15,19,24,39,45,48,71,99,112,180,191,197,208,228,236],"the":[16,37,46,68,74,97,103,128,134,141,145,152,156,165,188,192,195,225,229,234],"vital":[17,49,69,110],"signs":[18,50,70,111],"patients":[20,72,113,147],"in":[21,51,114,118,143,184,206],"large-scale":[22],"Internet":[23],"Medical":[25],"Things":[26],"(IoMT)":[27],"Wireless":[28],"Body":[29],"Area":[30],"Networks":[31],"(WBANs).":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"deals":[35],"with":[36],"problem":[38],"using":[40],"UAVs":[41,124],"real-time":[43],"scheduling":[44],"transmission":[47,154],"delay-sensitive":[52],"IoMT":[53],"WBANs.":[54],"The":[55,214],"main":[56],"challenge":[57],"such":[59],"network":[61,135],"is":[62,201],"to":[63,73,95,108,126,171,186,224],"timely":[64],"reliably":[66],"transmit":[67],"center":[77],"without":[78],"interrupting":[79],"their":[80],"daily":[81],"lifestyles.":[82],"To":[83],"achieve":[84],"this":[85,122],"goal,":[86],"we":[87,163],"propose":[88],"<italic":[90],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Q</i>":[92],"-learning-based":[93],"algorithm":[94],"optimize":[96],"trajectory":[98],"each":[100,149],"UAV,":[101],"mobile":[104],"Base":[105],"Station":[106],"(BS),":[107],"harvest":[109],"outdoor":[115],"applications,":[116],"especially":[117],"unreachable":[119],"areas.":[120],"In":[121],"algorithm,":[123],"learn":[125],"reach":[127],"best":[129],"3D":[130],"position":[131,142],"by":[132,148,176,232],"discovering":[133],"environment":[136,238],"step-by-step.":[137],"It":[138],"stands":[139],"which":[144],"covered":[146],"UAV":[150],"highest":[153],"rate,":[155],"least":[157],"delay":[158],"energy":[160,210],"consumption.":[161],"Moreover,":[162],"employ":[164],"Non-Orthogonal":[166],"Multiple":[167],"Access":[168],"(NOMA)":[169],"technique":[170],"simultaneously":[172],"schedule":[173],"multiple":[174],"transmissions":[175],"accepting":[177],"degree":[179],"interference":[181],"between":[182],"them":[183],"order":[185],"enhance":[187],"spectrum":[189],"efficiency":[190],"network.":[193],"Eventually,":[194],"performance":[196],"our":[198,219],"proposed":[199,220],"scheme":[200,221],"evaluated":[202],"via":[203],"extensive":[204],"simulations":[205],"terms":[207],"throughput,":[209],"consumption,":[211],"delay.":[213],"simulation":[215],"results":[216],"show":[217],"that":[218],"iteratively":[222],"converges":[223],"benchmark":[226],"value":[227],"mentioned":[230],"factors":[231],"increasing":[233],"information":[235],"cluster":[237],"through":[239],"episodes.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}