{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312341731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218655","title":"An Optimized Multi-Task Learning Model for Disaster Classification and Victim Detection in Federated Learning Environments","display_name":"An Optimized Multi-Task Learning Model for Disaster Classification and Victim Detection in Federated Learning Environments","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312341731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218655","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933763.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081035449","display_name":"Yi Jie Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-2653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Jie Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-2653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027435183","display_name":"Mau\u2010Luen Tham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4600-9839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mau-Luen Tham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4600-9839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005737764","display_name":"Ban-Hoe Kwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ban-Hoe Kwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-8612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083177250","display_name":"Ezra Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezra Morris Abraham Gnanamuthu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-2263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003727229","display_name":"Yasunori Owada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-528X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasunori Owada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resilient ICT Research Center, Network Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resilient ICT Research Center, Network Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.0241,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94585483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"115930","last_page":"115944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8785158395767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.8123878240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5747397541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5700410604476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.560926616191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5491023063659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5384922027587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48385536670684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.440137654542923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"Multi-task learning","score":0.4222024083137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11564373970031738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8785158395767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.8123878240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5747397541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5700410604476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.560926616191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5491023063659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5384922027587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48385536670684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.440137654542923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.4222024083137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11564373970031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218655","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53a1474c18c34f3da06951c477fa42cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53a1474c18c34f3da06951c477fa42cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 115930-115944 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218655","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312341731.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312341731.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2250734828","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2624871570","https://openalex.org/W2742332513","https://openalex.org/W2768447691","https://openalex.org/W2772279219","https://openalex.org/W2798683079","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2897230576","https://openalex.org/W2902900571","https://openalex.org/W2929141656","https://openalex.org/W2942209976","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963318081","https://openalex.org/W2965772214","https://openalex.org/W2965994363","https://openalex.org/W2982303846","https://openalex.org/W2991114360","https://openalex.org/W2995041800","https://openalex.org/W2998152504","https://openalex.org/W3005730143","https://openalex.org/W3011613309","https://openalex.org/W3032911480","https://openalex.org/W3037755158","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3043229062","https://openalex.org/W3045674654","https://openalex.org/W3082843304","https://openalex.org/W3088798601","https://openalex.org/W3093544860","https://openalex.org/W3098250197","https://openalex.org/W3099912322","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3109889001","https://openalex.org/W3110819189","https://openalex.org/W3113276149","https://openalex.org/W3113927661","https://openalex.org/W3152475593","https://openalex.org/W3154569184","https://openalex.org/W3156992824","https://openalex.org/W3163157233","https://openalex.org/W3167270974","https://openalex.org/W3173017111","https://openalex.org/W3175205795","https://openalex.org/W3184065841","https://openalex.org/W3184452417","https://openalex.org/W3211199052","https://openalex.org/W4206414329","https://openalex.org/W4212819551","https://openalex.org/W4281741747","https://openalex.org/W4285345855","https://openalex.org/W4285506581","https://openalex.org/W4293230792","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6628973269","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739365718","https://openalex.org/W6752029299","https://openalex.org/W6756871645","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6761141514","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6774776883","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6795568927","https://openalex.org/W6798594421","https://openalex.org/W6798984779","https://openalex.org/W6849520326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W4367156293","https://openalex.org/W1584537303","https://openalex.org/W4388155270","https://openalex.org/W1872724644","https://openalex.org/W2750549761","https://openalex.org/W28826848","https://openalex.org/W2122272819","https://openalex.org/W2130894091","https://openalex.org/W2994151208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disaster":[0],"classification":[1,78],"and":[2,50,75,104,125,149,160,197],"victim":[3],"detection":[4,86],"are":[5,152,169,174],"two":[6,27],"important":[7],"tasks":[8,28],"in":[9],"enabling":[10],"efficient":[11],"rescue":[12],"operations.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15],"paper,":[16],"we":[17,117],"propose":[18],"a":[19,136],"multi-task":[20],"learning":[21,123,127,182],"(MTL)":[22],"model":[23,38,67,159],"which":[24],"accomplishes":[25],"these":[26],"simultaneously.":[29],"The":[30],"idea":[31],"is":[32,142,189],"to":[33,39,95,154,161,176],"attach":[34],"one":[35],"pruned":[36,55],"head":[37,56],"another":[40],"backbone":[41],"network.":[42],"We":[43],"mathematically":[44],"pinpoint":[45],"the":[46,51,54,60,65,84,96,107,119,130,156,163,171],"optimal":[47],"branching":[48],"location":[49],"depth":[52],"of":[53,89,101,110,112,121,139],"model.":[57],"Apart":[58],"from":[59],"decoupled":[61],"task":[62],"training":[63],"capability,":[64],"MTL":[66],"offers":[68],"lesser":[69],"memory":[70],"requirements":[71],"(12.8":[72],"MB":[73],"saving)":[74],"better":[76,178],"disaster":[77,134],"accuracy":[79,105],"(1-2%":[80],"gain),":[81],"while":[82],"preserving":[83],"same":[85],"performance":[87],"(0.694":[88],"average":[90],"precision":[91],"(AP)),":[92],"as":[93,195],"compared":[94],"traditional":[97],"method.":[98],"Such":[99],"advantages":[100],"flexibility,":[102],"speed":[103],"facilitate":[106],"large-scale":[108],"deployment":[109],"Internet":[111],"Things":[113],"(IoT)":[114],"applications,":[115],"where":[116],"explore":[118],"potential":[120],"federated":[122],"(FL)":[124],"active":[126],"(AL).":[128],"Given":[129],"high":[131],"ambiguity":[132],"within":[133],"images,":[135],"modified":[137],"version":[138],"AL-based":[140],"technique":[141],"introduced.":[143],"For":[144],"realistic":[145],"implementation,":[146],"production-ready":[147],"OpenFL":[148],"OpenVINO":[150],"tools":[151],"adopted":[153],"update":[155],"global":[157],"FL":[158],"optimize":[162],"trained":[164],"model,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"Experiment":[167],"results":[168],"promising:":[170],"FL-based":[172],"techniques":[173],"comparable":[175],"or":[177],"than":[179],"their":[180],"centralized":[181],"(CL)":[183],"counterparts.":[184],"Also,":[185],"our":[186],"application":[187],"portability":[188],"demonstrated":[190],"via":[191],"different":[192],"hardware":[193],"such":[194],"CPU":[196],"Raspberry":[198],"Pi.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}