{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312875279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218333","title":"A Generalized Workflow for Creating Machine Learning-Powered Compact Models for Multi-State Devices","display_name":"A Generalized Workflow for Creating Machine Learning-Powered Compact Models for Multi-State Devices","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312875279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218333","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933430.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933430.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003225272","display_name":"Jack Hutchins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7761-8907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Hutchins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7761-8907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043426052","display_name":"Shamiul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamiul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-1399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090099882","display_name":"Andre Zeumault","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-9039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Zeumault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057893866","display_name":"Karsten Beckmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-7825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Beckmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-7825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046312510","display_name":"Nathaniel C. Cady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4345-3627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Cady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4345-3627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047248181","display_name":"Garrett S. Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-4087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garrett S. Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057057812","display_name":"Ahmedullah Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-4122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmedullah Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-4122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3849,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80792658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"115513","last_page":"115519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7570664882659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.590796947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5764285922050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4504382312297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4112110733985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3797008991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3716643452644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.28155797719955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14220395684242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14151108264923096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7570664882659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.590796947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5764285922050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4504382312297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4112110733985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3797008991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3716643452644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.28155797719955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14220395684242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14151108264923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218333","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933430.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:410ee87835ef4a0693fb66634c2fd433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/410ee87835ef4a0693fb66634c2fd433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 115513-115519 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3218333","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09933430.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5110559295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-21-1-1018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312875279.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312875279.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575029535","https://openalex.org/W1580024056","https://openalex.org/W1999805288","https://openalex.org/W2013640190","https://openalex.org/W2065056664","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2515432102","https://openalex.org/W2549348417","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2560467685","https://openalex.org/W2604938527","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2939745333","https://openalex.org/W2982328514","https://openalex.org/W3113788634","https://openalex.org/W3117970701","https://openalex.org/W3124031675","https://openalex.org/W3153309219","https://openalex.org/W3182628818","https://openalex.org/W3203503095","https://openalex.org/W4221021925","https://openalex.org/W4226442889","https://openalex.org/W6634542218","https://openalex.org/W6730169791","https://openalex.org/W6788292124","https://openalex.org/W6797747508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229452466","https://openalex.org/W2966276069","https://openalex.org/W2304829496","https://openalex.org/W2358307108","https://openalex.org/W3031124155","https://openalex.org/W2463286374","https://openalex.org/W2052332160","https://openalex.org/W2204001882","https://openalex.org/W190448578","https://openalex.org/W2377121108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"predictive":[1],"capability":[2],"of":[3,7,34,62,101,139,164,180,197,216,243,248],"existing":[4],"physical":[5,60,187],"descriptions":[6,193],"multi-state":[8],"devices":[9],"(":[10],"<italic":[11],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[12],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">e.g</i>":[13],".,":[14],"oxide":[15,170],"memristors,":[16],"ferroelectrics,":[17],"antiferroelectric,":[18],"etc.)":[19],"cannot":[20],"be":[21],"fully":[22],"leveraged":[23],"in":[24,72,81],"circuit":[25,155],"simulations":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,39,51,104,113,125,133,147,228],"practical":[29],"limitations":[30],"regarding":[31],"the":[32,58,96,107,119,126,162,168,178,181,217],"complexity":[33],"compact":[35,54,93,226],"models.":[36],"We":[37,109,128,160],"attempt":[38],"circumvent":[40],"this":[41],"issue":[42],"by":[43,117],"adopting":[44],"a":[45,53,111,130,174,186,224,237],"machine-learning":[46],"(ML)":[47],"-":[48,134],"based":[49],"approach":[50],"develop":[52],"model":[55,188,205,227],"that":[56,189],"retains":[57],"full":[59],"description":[61],"these":[63],"devices.":[64,87],"ML-based":[65,92,140,221],"modeling":[66,94],"approaches":[67],"have":[68,76],"garnered":[69],"immense":[70],"interest":[71],"recent":[73],"years":[74],"and":[75,121,150,213,245],"already":[77],"been":[78],"successfully":[79],"utilized":[80],"making":[82],"models":[83],"for":[84,91,98,209],"several":[85],"novel":[86],"A":[88],"known":[89],"hurdle":[90],"is":[95],"need":[97],"large":[99],"amount":[100],"experimental":[102,207],"data":[103,116,120,208],"properly":[105],"train":[106],"model.":[108],"propose":[110,129],"method":[112],"simulate":[114],"additional":[115],"duplicating":[118],"adding":[122],"Gaussian":[123],"Noise":[124],"duplicates.":[127],"generalized":[131],"framework":[132,166,222],"(i)":[135],"facilitate":[136,229],"efficient":[137],"training":[138,182],"device":[141],"models,":[142],"(ii)":[143],"conduct":[144],"seamless":[145],"conversion":[146],"Verilog-A":[148],"model,":[149,234],"(iii)":[151],"interface":[152],"with":[153,194,206],"industry-standard":[154],"simulators":[156],"(HSPICE,":[157],"SPECTRE,":[158],"etc.).":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"capabilities":[163],"our":[165,204,233,251],"using":[167],"hafnium":[169],"(HfOx)":[171],"memristor":[172,211],"as":[173],"test":[175,203],"device.":[176],"As":[177],"source":[179],"data,":[183],"we":[184,202,235],"use":[185],"unifies":[190],"detailed":[191],"atomic-level":[192],"self-consistent":[195],"evaluation":[196],"electronic":[198],"transport.":[199],"In":[200],"addition,":[201],"multiple":[210],"samples":[212],"repeated":[214],"cycles":[215],"same":[218],"sample.":[219],"Our":[220],"prepares":[223],"circuit-compatible":[225],"system-level":[230],"simulations.":[231],"With":[232],"achieve":[236],"root":[238],"mean":[239],"squared":[240],"error":[241],"(RMSE)":[242],"0.000863":[244],"an":[246],"R2":[247],"0.977371":[249],"on":[250],"testing":[252],"data.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}