{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313068608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3217480","title":"Software Defect Density Prediction Using Deep Learning","display_name":"Software Defect Density Prediction Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313068608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3217480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3217480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3217480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09931128.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09931128.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047952727","display_name":"Firas Alghanim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-537X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Firas Alghanim","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-537X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015423824","display_name":"Mohammad Azzeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-6452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Azzeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-6452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081521030","display_name":"Ammar Elhassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar El-Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031221516","display_name":"Hazem Qattous","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem Qattous","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047952727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.9705,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97533772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"114629","last_page":"114641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8056938648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.645462155342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6045345664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5974830985069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5879373550415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5824059247970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5553900003433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5196886658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.5109183192253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5023882389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4945027530193329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.4421474039554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4346124529838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.4322611689567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4157281517982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4137100577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10321468114852905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8056938648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.645462155342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6045345664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5974830985069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5879373550415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5824059247970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5553900003433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5196886658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.5109183192253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5023882389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4945027530193329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.4421474039554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4346124529838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.4322611689567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4157281517982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4137100577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10321468114852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3217480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3217480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09931128.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e36d56bf53954db4bc8436595baed199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e36d56bf53954db4bc8436595baed199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 114629-114641 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3217480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3217480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09931128.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313068608.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313068608.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94272913","https://openalex.org/W149553485","https://openalex.org/W1514494780","https://openalex.org/W1559882428","https://openalex.org/W1597698972","https://openalex.org/W1655956671","https://openalex.org/W1970065340","https://openalex.org/W1973540172","https://openalex.org/W1989354793","https://openalex.org/W2021688474","https://openalex.org/W2097044443","https://openalex.org/W2097670073","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2101227285","https://openalex.org/W2103296684","https://openalex.org/W2105776892","https://openalex.org/W2109105289","https://openalex.org/W2133948563","https://openalex.org/W2136259347","https://openalex.org/W2146338950","https://openalex.org/W2170186889","https://openalex.org/W2249980257","https://openalex.org/W2271497032","https://openalex.org/W2295445871","https://openalex.org/W2586292313","https://openalex.org/W2604743733","https://openalex.org/W2618735982","https://openalex.org/W2731935965","https://openalex.org/W2741676187","https://openalex.org/W2753704268","https://openalex.org/W2783657687","https://openalex.org/W2793681838","https://openalex.org/W2794601162","https://openalex.org/W2898435572","https://openalex.org/W2898868990","https://openalex.org/W2899171197","https://openalex.org/W2912581782","https://openalex.org/W2916969377","https://openalex.org/W2955991060","https://openalex.org/W2962748597","https://openalex.org/W2963548617","https://openalex.org/W2994099454","https://openalex.org/W2998581331","https://openalex.org/W3021650771","https://openalex.org/W3081553752","https://openalex.org/W3098598077","https://openalex.org/W3140323393","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W4207068100","https://openalex.org/W4225136322","https://openalex.org/W4244325127","https://openalex.org/W4245415816","https://openalex.org/W6606180766","https://openalex.org/W6633692542","https://openalex.org/W6679755180","https://openalex.org/W6736070300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078744341","https://openalex.org/W2029555411","https://openalex.org/W2774439323","https://openalex.org/W2397092005","https://openalex.org/W2114733359","https://openalex.org/W3151530686","https://openalex.org/W1509265476","https://openalex.org/W2981446648","https://openalex.org/W2183678285","https://openalex.org/W4383568364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Delivering":[0],"a":[1,10,46,73],"reliable":[2],"and":[3,16,91,129,187,192],"high-quality":[4],"software":[5,14,22,41,55,101],"system":[6,30],"to":[7,50,71,123,144],"client":[8],"is":[9,31,66,104,174,199],"big":[11],"challenge":[12,133],"in":[13,79,108,137],"development":[15,42],"evolution":[17],"process.":[18],"One":[19],"of":[20,28,48,54,100,134],"the":[21,26,29,32,52,64,81,88,105,109,115,131,170,183,196],"measures":[23],"that":[24,76,169],"confirm":[25],"quality":[27],"defect":[33,60,102,110,125,138],"density.":[34,139],"Practitioners":[35],"usually":[36],"need":[37,70],"this":[38],"measure":[39],"during":[40,45],"process":[43,85],"or":[44,202],"period":[47],"operation":[49],"indicate":[51],"reliability":[53],"system.":[56],"However,":[57],"since":[58],"predicting":[59],"density":[61,111,126],"before":[62],"testing":[63,89,93],"modules":[65],"time":[67],"consuming,":[68],"managers":[69],"build":[72,124],"prediction":[74,127],"model":[75,152,173],"can":[77,86],"help":[78],"detecting":[80],"defective":[82],"modules.":[83],"This":[84],"reduce":[87],"cost":[90],"improve":[92],"resources":[94],"utilizations.":[95],"The":[96,150,165],"most":[97],"intrinsic":[98],"feature":[99],"datasets":[103,184],"data":[106,135],"sparsity":[107,136,190,197],"which":[112],"might":[113],"bias":[114],"final":[116],"prediction.":[117],"Therefore,":[118],"we":[119],"use":[120],"deep":[121,171],"learning":[122,141,159,172],"models":[128,181],"handle":[130],"inherit":[132],"Deep":[140],"has":[142,153],"shown":[143],"be":[145],"effective":[146],"with":[147,185],"sparse":[148],"data.":[149],"constructed":[151],"been":[154],"evaluated":[155],"against":[156],"well-known":[157],"machine":[158,180],"methods":[160],"over":[161,182],"28":[162],"public":[163],"datasets.":[164],"obtained":[166],"results":[167],"confirmed":[168],"generally":[175],"more":[176],"adequate":[177],"than":[178],"other":[179],"high":[186,189],"very":[188],"ratios,":[191],"competitive":[193],"choice":[194],"when":[195],"ratio":[198],"either":[200],"medium":[201],"low.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
