{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313159459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216866","title":"Induced Overvoltage Caused by Indirect Lightning Strikes in Large Photovoltaic Power Plants and Effective Attenuation Techniques","display_name":"Induced Overvoltage Caused by Indirect Lightning Strikes in Large Photovoltaic Power Plants and Effective Attenuation Techniques","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313159459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3216866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216866","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09928294.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09928294.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049729302","display_name":"Ahmed I. Omar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-3591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27367753","display_name":"El Shorouk Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/025xjs150","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27367753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed I. Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering at El-Shorouk City, El Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering at El-Shorouk City, El Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27367753","https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014728447","display_name":"Moustafa Mohsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3267-4929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27367753","display_name":"El Shorouk Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/025xjs150","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27367753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa Mohsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering at El-Shorouk City, El Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering at El-Shorouk City, El Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27367753","https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102340943","display_name":"Mousa A. Abd\u2010Allah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-8562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousa A. Abd-Allah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024783041","display_name":"Z. M. S. Elbarbary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-9244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakaria M. Salem Elbarbary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","Electric Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058641107","display_name":"Abdelrahman Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-9956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049729302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27367753","https://openalex.org/I4210120363"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91007987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"112934","last_page":"112947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overvoltage","display_name":"Overvoltage","score":0.8059074878692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5598315596580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.5397821664810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.5013947486877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground","display_name":"Ground","score":0.4407814145088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.43331700563430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.4263454079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4177483320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3921831548213959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3619380593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3406966030597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33730778098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26578426361083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12739518284797668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15703209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333883","display_name":"Overvoltage","level":3,"score":0.8059074878692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5598315596580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.5397821664810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5013947486877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.4407814145088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43331700563430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4263454079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4177483320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3921831548213959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3619380593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3406966030597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33730778098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26578426361083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12739518284797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3216866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216866","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09928294.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05c0f2b01cf6434a9b10d347f56912ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05c0f2b01cf6434a9b10d347f56912ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 112934-112947 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3216866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216866","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09928294.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4362666732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP.1/ 223/43","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313159459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313159459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901837668","https://openalex.org/W2006932182","https://openalex.org/W2734713791","https://openalex.org/W2742212059","https://openalex.org/W2891972575","https://openalex.org/W2947614722","https://openalex.org/W2994565232","https://openalex.org/W3021461315","https://openalex.org/W3026154371","https://openalex.org/W3116524382","https://openalex.org/W3118821244","https://openalex.org/W3126617087","https://openalex.org/W3155491550","https://openalex.org/W3197226277","https://openalex.org/W4200379061","https://openalex.org/W4284989856","https://openalex.org/W4285082024","https://openalex.org/W4301029783","https://openalex.org/W6652181652","https://openalex.org/W6804501777","https://openalex.org/W7020587366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953949064","https://openalex.org/W4384067907","https://openalex.org/W2367120910","https://openalex.org/W2355948090","https://openalex.org/W4251644326","https://openalex.org/W2906676905","https://openalex.org/W2370505920","https://openalex.org/W2362868349","https://openalex.org/W3179294244","https://openalex.org/W2360247985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indirect":[0],"Lightning":[1],"Stroke":[2],"(ILS)":[3],"is":[4],"considered":[5,29],"an":[6],"urgent":[7],"issue":[8],"on":[9,49],"overall":[10],"power":[11,24],"systems":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,123,150,164],"its":[15],"sudden":[16],"dangerous":[17],"occurrence.":[18],"A":[19],"grid-connected":[20],"solar":[21],"Photovoltaic":[22],"(PV)":[23],"plant":[25],"of":[26,37,94,146],"1MW":[27],"was":[28,58,74,119,135],"and":[30,76,83,190],"analyzed":[31],"using":[32],"PSCAD/EMTDC":[33],"software.":[34],"The":[35,60,107,157,175],"effect":[36],"grounding":[38],"grid":[39],"resistance":[40],"(":[41],"<inline-formula":[42,68,113],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[43,69,114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[44,70,115],"<tex-math":[45,71,116],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R_{g}$":[46,72,117],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[47,73,118],")":[48],"the":[50,55,86,95,102,112,132,141,152,166,172,179,184,192,196],"induced":[51,153,173,193],"voltages":[52],"caused":[53],"by":[54,128,137,186,199],"indirect":[56],"strokes":[57],"discussed.":[59,77],"Transient":[61],"Grounding":[62],"Potential":[63],"Rise":[64],"(TGPR)":[65],"variation":[66],"with":[67,101,178],"presented":[75],"Four":[78,144],"different":[79],"models":[80,145,159],"were":[81,148],"proposed":[82,149],"installed":[84],"for":[85],"system":[87],"under":[88],"study,":[89],"which":[90],"includes":[91],"a":[92,161],"combination":[93],"Externally":[96],"Gapped":[97],"Line":[98,104],"Arrester":[99,105],"(EGLA)":[100],"Non-Gapped":[103],"(NGLA).":[106],"results":[108],"show":[109],"that":[110],"when":[111],"reduced":[120,136,183,191],"from":[121],"5":[122],"1":[124],"ohm,":[125],"TGPR":[126,185],"decreased":[127],"about":[129,138,187,200],"79.63%,":[130],"whereas":[131],"peak":[133],"value":[134],"91.3%":[139],"nearby":[140,195],"striking":[142,197],"position.":[143],"EGLAs":[147],"reduce":[151,165],"transient":[154],"overvoltage":[155,194],"effectively.":[156],"four":[158],"showed":[160],"remarkable":[162],"ability":[163],"backflow":[167],"current":[168],"(BFC)":[169],"and,":[170],"consequently,":[171],"overvoltage.":[174],"EGLA\u2019s":[176],"type":[177],"composite":[180],"air":[181],"gap":[182],"77.04":[188],"%":[189],"position":[198],"51.3%.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}