{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312259388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3215762","title":"Using Frequency Attention to Make Adversarial Patch Powerful Against Person Detector","display_name":"Using Frequency Attention to Make Adversarial Patch Powerful Against Person Detector","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312259388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3215762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3215762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3215762","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09923929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09923929.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367875","display_name":"Xiaochun Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-7283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing, Guilin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073213447","display_name":"Xiang Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001345215","display_name":"Chang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-0171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-0171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051764820","display_name":"Zetao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-2131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zetao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-2131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing, Guilin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002231143","display_name":"Zhaoting Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-7240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoting Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-7240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033955025","display_name":"Linjun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-4964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linjun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-4964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology (GUET), Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100367875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.111,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81981377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"27217","last_page":"27225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.876287579536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7455688118934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.647362232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6248974800109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.523676335811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5232319235801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.520938515663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4919602572917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4737459123134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.41618385910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4145738482475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34367918968200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3267609179019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.27760666608810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12565553188323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12131765484809875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.876287579536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7455688118934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.647362232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6248974800109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.523676335811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5232319235801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.520938515663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4919602572917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4737459123134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41618385910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4145738482475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34367918968200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3267609179019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27760666608810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12565553188323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12131765484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3215762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3215762","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09923929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd28c608987a451ba422395c34301101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd28c608987a451ba422395c34301101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 27217-27225 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3215762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3215762","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09923929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1432884306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021GXNSFDA196002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2377563960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6093561797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8457531655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GIIP2004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331065","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331065","display_name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312259388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312259388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2128409098","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2604505099","https://openalex.org/W2607620098","https://openalex.org/W2776985712","https://openalex.org/W2890054895","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2963726920","https://openalex.org/W2965198951","https://openalex.org/W3017485054","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3089073543","https://openalex.org/W3094984771","https://openalex.org/W3097573595","https://openalex.org/W3126650150","https://openalex.org/W3148848505","https://openalex.org/W3176380844","https://openalex.org/W3211423998","https://openalex.org/W3213909260","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6746923153","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6754363872","https://openalex.org/W6777046832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W2738001131","https://openalex.org/W4285785480","https://openalex.org/W3127875750","https://openalex.org/W4383221314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"are":[4,91],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,22,43,72,79,84,103,108],"adversarial":[7,20,41,114],"attacks.":[8],"In":[9],"particular,":[10],"object":[11,45],"detectors":[12,46],"may":[13],"be":[14],"attacked":[15],"by":[16,128],"applying":[17],"a":[18,61,64],"particular":[19],"patch":[21,28,70],"the":[23,27,33,49,81,87,95,100,110,119,134,140,148],"image.":[24],"However,":[25],"because":[26],"will":[29],"lose":[30],"information":[31],"during":[32],"shrinking":[34,96],"process,":[35],"most":[36],"existing":[37],"approaches":[38],"that":[39],"employ":[40],"patches":[42],"attack":[44,50,83,111,120,136,149],"would":[47],"diminish":[48],"success":[51,121,150],"rate":[52,151],"on":[53,86],"small":[54,124],"and":[55,125,130],"medium":[56,126],"targets.":[57,154],"This":[58,98],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"Frequency":[62],"Module(FRAN),":[63],"frequency-domain":[65],"attention":[66,107],"module":[67],"for":[68,138],"guiding":[69],"generation":[71],"solve":[73],"this":[74],"problem.":[75],"We":[76],"use":[77],"FRAN":[78],"allow":[80],"patched":[82],"rely":[85],"low-frequency":[88],"signals":[89],"which":[90],"lost":[92],"less":[93],"in":[94],"process.":[97],"is":[99],"first":[101],"study":[102],"introduce":[104],"frequency":[105],"domain":[106],"optimize":[109],"capabilities":[112],"of":[113,123,152],"patches.":[115],"Our":[116],"method":[117,137],"increases":[118],"rates":[122],"targets":[127],"4.18%":[129],"3.89%,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"over":[133],"state-of-the-art":[135],"fooling":[139],"human":[141],"detector":[142],"while":[143],"assaulting":[144],"YOLOv3":[145],"without":[146],"reducing":[147],"big":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}