{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312844149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3213354","title":"SI-SA GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network Combined With Spatial Information and Self-Attention for Removing Thin Cloud in Optical Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"SI-SA GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network Combined With Spatial Information and Self-Attention for Removing Thin Cloud in Optical Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312844149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3213354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3213354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3213354","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09915386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09915386.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621522","display_name":"Juntao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-0841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juntao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044250240","display_name":"Weimin Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-1151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027847924","display_name":"Xin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China","School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China","Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007959430","display_name":"Jia Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-7021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073073413","display_name":"Yanli Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanli Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109572692","display_name":"Zhenzhou Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100621522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8073,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86766805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"114318","last_page":"114330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7766410112380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6727630496025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5346989035606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5254096984863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.44171392917633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4402516186237335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4340674579143524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4024132192134857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3757232427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34174489974975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.29322975873947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10335305333137512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7766410112380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6727630496025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5346989035606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5254096984863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.44171392917633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4402516186237335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4340674579143524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4024132192134857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3757232427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34174489974975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29322975873947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10335305333137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3213354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3213354","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09915386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6949f23d7fb450f908374cd15900d5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6949f23d7fb450f908374cd15900d5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 114318-114330 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3213354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3213354","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09915386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312844149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312844149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W817971873","https://openalex.org/W1409132546","https://openalex.org/W1924870280","https://openalex.org/W1974933922","https://openalex.org/W1990592195","https://openalex.org/W2010806274","https://openalex.org/W2017555282","https://openalex.org/W2068124105","https://openalex.org/W2114867966","https://openalex.org/W2212980623","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2333390289","https://openalex.org/W2508686506","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2788008270","https://openalex.org/W2894886653","https://openalex.org/W2900420505","https://openalex.org/W2900639982","https://openalex.org/W2901389936","https://openalex.org/W2907674209","https://openalex.org/W2930755307","https://openalex.org/W2953807054","https://openalex.org/W2962176524","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2988089887","https://openalex.org/W2990007814","https://openalex.org/W3000672846","https://openalex.org/W3005268655","https://openalex.org/W3008202438","https://openalex.org/W3008653537","https://openalex.org/W3088852543","https://openalex.org/W3097025855","https://openalex.org/W3102629312","https://openalex.org/W3103964896","https://openalex.org/W3137397516","https://openalex.org/W3165549846","https://openalex.org/W3198722775","https://openalex.org/W3211300303","https://openalex.org/W4295521014","https://openalex.org/W6647720530","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6757526026","https://openalex.org/W6783602928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3217069185","https://openalex.org/W2784931967","https://openalex.org/W4293400715","https://openalex.org/W3049340819","https://openalex.org/W4308928038","https://openalex.org/W4200430540","https://openalex.org/W3141413246","https://openalex.org/W3112293331","https://openalex.org/W2808862658","https://openalex.org/W3209610097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,57,185],"agricultural":[1],"remote":[2,9],"sensing":[3,10],"monitoring,":[4],"the":[5,20,42,54,64,69,112,128,140,157,164,168,179,182,190,197,211,216,224],"quality":[6,218],"of":[7,35,45,83,127,142,167,181,193,202],"optical":[8],"image":[11,123,143,217],"data":[12,37],"acquisition":[13],"is":[14,150,175],"often":[15],"affected":[16],"by":[17,110],"climate,":[18],"and":[19,67,98,105,117,133,155,171,199,205,223],"acquired":[21],"satellite":[22],"imagery":[23],"results":[24,201],"usually":[25],"contain":[26],"cloud":[27,80,108,221,229],"information,":[28,170],"which":[29,120],"can":[30,121],"lead":[31],"to":[32,59,138,152,163,177],"a":[33,79,172],"lack":[34],"ground":[36,55,71],"information.":[38,124,144],"Unlike":[39],"thick":[40],"clouds,":[41],"semi-transparent":[43],"nature":[44],"thin":[46,49,61,228],"clouds":[47,50,62,154],"prevents":[48],"from":[51],"completely":[52],"obscuring":[53],"scene.":[56],"order":[58],"remove":[60,153],"in":[63],"cultivated":[65],"land":[66],"restore":[68,156],"real":[70],"information":[72,85],"as":[73,75],"much":[74],"possible,":[76],"we":[77,188],"proposed":[78,102,212],"removal":[81,230],"method":[82,103,213],"spatial":[84,113],"fusion":[86],"self-attention":[87,99,118,134],"generative":[88,146,183],"adversarial":[89,147],"network":[90,148],"(SI-SA":[91],"GAN)":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94,107],"multi-directional":[95],"perceptual":[96],"attention":[97],"mechanism.":[100],"The":[101,125,145],"identifies":[104],"focuses":[106],"regions":[109],"using":[111],"attention,":[114,116],"channel":[115],"mechanism,":[119],"enhance":[122,215],"modules":[126],"discriminator":[129],"utilize":[130],"residual":[131],"networks":[132,137],"non-local":[135],"neural":[136],"guide":[139],"output":[141],"(GAN)":[149],"applied":[151,176],"corresponding":[158],"irregular":[159],"occlusion":[160],"area":[161],"according":[162],"depth":[165],"characteristics":[166],"input":[169],"gradient":[173],"penalty":[174],"improve":[178],"robustness":[180],"network.":[184],"this":[186],"paper,":[187],"compared":[189],"evaluation":[191],"indexes":[192],"other":[194],"advanced":[195],"models,":[196],"qualitative":[198],"quantitative":[200],"Sentinel-2A":[203],"datasets":[204,208],"public":[206],"RICE":[207],"confirmed":[209],"that":[210],"could":[214],"effectively":[219],"after":[220],"removal,":[222],"model":[225],"has":[226],"excellent":[227],"performance":[231],"with":[232],"small-scale":[233],"training":[234],"data.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}