{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296910058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208700","title":"Clouded Leopard Optimization: A New Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Clouded Leopard Optimization: A New Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296910058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3208700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208700","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899451.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899451.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082290011","display_name":"Eva Trojovsk\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-5867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Trojovska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-5867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801167","display_name":"Mohammad Dehghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4243-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Dehghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4243-9658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Hradec Kr&#x00E1;lov&#x00E9;, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.9891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95891847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"102876","last_page":"102906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7076438665390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6674656867980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6269736886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.5681345462799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5228070020675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leopard","display_name":"Leopard","score":0.49431419372558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.44428855180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42514508962631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3750012516975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3235779404640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20203328132629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.18376260995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08788436651229858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7076438665390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6674656867980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6269736886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5681345462799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5228070020675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776243061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34706","display_name":"Leopard","level":2,"score":0.49431419372558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.44428855180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42514508962631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3750012516975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3235779404640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20203328132629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18376260995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08788436651229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3208700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208700","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899451.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:007873e47a334a81ab81911a5f135ee1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/007873e47a334a81ab81911a5f135ee1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 102876-102906 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3208700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208700","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899451.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318242","display_name":"Univerzita Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296910058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296910058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137929096","https://openalex.org/W1576660662","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1857789879","https://openalex.org/W1982695251","https://openalex.org/W1993885071","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W1999284878","https://openalex.org/W2001979953","https://openalex.org/W2012477419","https://openalex.org/W2031183907","https://openalex.org/W2039595530","https://openalex.org/W2041016886","https://openalex.org/W2041629655","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2096673585","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2134816084","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2176132314","https://openalex.org/W2188337792","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2460998784","https://openalex.org/W2464339147","https://openalex.org/W2619923085","https://openalex.org/W2620983293","https://openalex.org/W2773918105","https://openalex.org/W2800812736","https://openalex.org/W2889545660","https://openalex.org/W2903353617","https://openalex.org/W2944829093","https://openalex.org/W2976560662","https://openalex.org/W2977202358","https://openalex.org/W3011104345","https://openalex.org/W3015105702","https://openalex.org/W3018215981","https://openalex.org/W3080963199","https://openalex.org/W3088252777","https://openalex.org/W3099174910","https://openalex.org/W3111635904","https://openalex.org/W3122733747","https://openalex.org/W3127508072","https://openalex.org/W3133774413","https://openalex.org/W3139198113","https://openalex.org/W3163903840","https://openalex.org/W3179292964","https://openalex.org/W3196915844","https://openalex.org/W3212797097","https://openalex.org/W4210580908","https://openalex.org/W4214638371","https://openalex.org/W4242803432","https://openalex.org/W4246623349","https://openalex.org/W4252196088","https://openalex.org/W4280649213","https://openalex.org/W4282938250","https://openalex.org/W6687080970","https://openalex.org/W6719235809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298142357","https://openalex.org/W4298141397","https://openalex.org/W4386590443","https://openalex.org/W4375949242","https://openalex.org/W2073248645","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W3212179065","https://openalex.org/W2184070258","https://openalex.org/W3087997050","https://openalex.org/W2348923905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,125],"new":[4],"nature-inspired":[5],"metaheuristic":[6,103],"algorithm":[7],"called":[8],"Clouded":[9],"Leopard":[10],"Optimization":[11],"(CLO),":[12],"which":[13],"mimics":[14],"the":[15,22,38,62,98,110,147,157,160],"natural":[16,35,67],"behavior":[17],"of":[18,27,34,37,56,64,89,100,149,159],"clouded":[19,39],"leopards":[20],"in":[21,53,73,91,117,128,138,163],"wild.":[23],"The":[24,87,105],"fundamental":[25],"inspiration":[26],"CLO":[28,49,69,90,112,135,150],"is":[29,50,71,95],"derived":[30],"from":[31],"two":[32,54,66],"ways":[33],"behaviors":[36],"leopard,":[40],"including":[41,78],"hunting":[42],"strategy":[43],"and":[44,58,83,120],"daily":[45],"resting":[46],"on":[47,61,151],"trees.":[48],"mathematically":[51],"modeled":[52],"phases":[55],"exploration":[57],"exploitation,":[59,119],"based":[60],"simulation":[63,106],"these":[65],"behaviors.":[68],"performance":[70,88,99],"evaluated":[72],"solving":[74,92],"sixty-eight":[75],"benchmark":[76],"functions,":[77],"unimodal,":[79],"multimodal,":[80],"CEC":[81,84],"2015,":[82],"2017":[85],"types.":[86],"optimization":[93,129],"problems":[94],"compared":[96],"with":[97,114],"ten":[101],"famous":[102],"algorithms.":[104,144],"results":[107,132],"show":[108,133],"that":[109,134],"proposed":[111,161],"approach":[113,162],"high":[115,126],"ability":[116],"exploration,":[118],"balancing":[121],"between":[122],"them":[123],"has":[124],"capability":[127,158],"applications.":[130,165],"Simulation":[131],"performs":[136],"better":[137],"most":[139],"test":[140],"functions":[141],"than":[142],"competitor":[143],"In":[145],"addition,":[146],"implementation":[148],"four":[152],"engineering":[153],"design":[154],"issues":[155],"demonstrates":[156],"real-world":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
