{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296912320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208698","title":"NFT Certificates and Proof of Delivery for Fine Jewelry and Gemstones","display_name":"NFT Certificates and Proof of Delivery for Fine Jewelry and Gemstones","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296912320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3208698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899445.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083825273","display_name":"Noura Alnuaimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-6093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noura Alnuaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-6093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003850095","display_name":"Alanoud Almemari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alanoud Almemari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058220295","display_name":"Mohammad Madine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-2419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Madine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-2419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028133110","display_name":"Khaled Salah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Salah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-2558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055336280","display_name":"Hamda Al Breiki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-6711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamda Al Breiki","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University of Science Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-6711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University of Science Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071929595","display_name":"Raja Jayaraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-2688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Jayaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-2688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.7593,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97738416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"101263","last_page":"101275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.7533445954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.5410396456718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5243287682533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.5024440288543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4901748299598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.46737924218177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37354013323783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.3637433350086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36022526025772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.22645220160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1926645040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11668425798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.07401809096336365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.7533445954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.5410396456718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5243287682533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.5024440288543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4901748299598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.46737924218177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37354013323783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3637433350086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36022526025772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.22645220160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1926645040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11668425798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.07401809096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3208698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79db2e2916984be39c1ab02a94cf9a68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/79db2e2916984be39c1ab02a94cf9a68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 101263-101275 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3208698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09899445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G503991895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CIRA-2019-001.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309537","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311400","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296912320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296912320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186060135","https://openalex.org/W1976991966","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2808765570","https://openalex.org/W2891487042","https://openalex.org/W2891488575","https://openalex.org/W2895435733","https://openalex.org/W2897751645","https://openalex.org/W2913238818","https://openalex.org/W2915776603","https://openalex.org/W2960774748","https://openalex.org/W2963507231","https://openalex.org/W2977970899","https://openalex.org/W3035042610","https://openalex.org/W3090237516","https://openalex.org/W3090578539","https://openalex.org/W3092142530","https://openalex.org/W3117338617","https://openalex.org/W3120497757","https://openalex.org/W3157897766","https://openalex.org/W3161639317","https://openalex.org/W3174820920","https://openalex.org/W3205476248","https://openalex.org/W3211226441","https://openalex.org/W4200073897","https://openalex.org/W4205247664","https://openalex.org/W4206589734","https://openalex.org/W4206688589","https://openalex.org/W4213092729","https://openalex.org/W4226053105","https://openalex.org/W4283361968","https://openalex.org/W6825411322","https://openalex.org/W6838454602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517747134","https://openalex.org/W2802479602","https://openalex.org/W4386576376","https://openalex.org/W1570380538","https://openalex.org/W3182748079","https://openalex.org/W2019522068","https://openalex.org/W2298790717","https://openalex.org/W1971699141","https://openalex.org/W3212423087","https://openalex.org/W3090206925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine":[0],"jewelry":[1,49,105,122],"is":[2],"a":[3,53],"unique":[4],"class":[5],"of":[6,9,55,91,101,155],"ornaments":[7],"composed":[8],"precious":[10],"metals":[11,15],"and":[12,20,22,29,45,50,60,81,95,106,113,125,137,146,159,166,170,179],"gemstones.":[13],"Premium-grade":[14],"such":[16,24],"as":[17,25,52,97,99],"gold,":[18],"platinum,":[19],"sliver,":[21],"gemstones":[23,51],"pearls,":[26],"diamonds,":[27],"rubies,":[28],"emeralds":[30],"are":[31,40,65],"used":[32,86],"use":[33],"to":[34,67,131],"make":[35,174],"fine":[36,48,104],"jewelry.":[37],"Paper-based":[38],"certificates":[39,64],"typically":[41],"issued":[42],"by":[43],"retailers":[44],"producers":[46],"for":[47,87,103,121],"proof":[54,90,100],"origin,":[56],"sale,":[57,126],"ownership,":[58,92],"history,":[59,94],"quality.":[61],"However,":[62],"paper":[63],"subject":[66],"counterfeiting,":[68],"loss,":[69],"or":[70],"theft.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"show":[76],"how":[77],"non-fungible":[78],"tokens":[79],"(NFTs)":[80],"Ethereum":[82],"blockchain":[83],"can":[84,149],"be":[85],"digital":[88],"certification,":[89],"sale":[93],"quality,":[96],"well":[98],"delivery":[102,169],"gemstones.We":[107],"present":[108],"the":[109],"proposed":[110,144],"system":[111],"design":[112],"architecture":[114],"with":[115,128,163],"sequence":[116],"diagrams":[117],"covering":[118],"key":[119],"interactions":[120],"production,":[123],"purchase,":[124],"along":[127],"algorithms":[129],"related":[130],"NFT":[132,145],"minting,":[133],"auctioning,":[134,168],"ownership":[135,171],"management,":[136],"physical":[138],"delivery.":[139],"We":[140,173],"demonstrate":[141],"that":[142],"our":[143,175],"blockchain-based":[147],"solution":[148],"provide":[150],"superior":[151],"alternative":[152],"in":[153],"terms":[154],"verifiability,":[156],"traceability,":[157],"immutability,":[158],"security":[160],"when":[161],"compared":[162],"paper-based":[164],"certification":[165],"traditional":[167],"management.":[172],"developed":[176],"smart":[177],"contracts":[178],"testing":[180],"scripts":[181],"publicly":[182],"available":[183],"on":[184],"GitHub.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}